Abstract:Methods for simulating evaporative water loss from Earth's large lakes have lagged behind advances in hydrodynamic modeling. Here we explore use of oceanographic models to simulate lake evaporation from a long‐term water balance perspective. More specifically, we compare long‐term monthly simulations of latent heat flux from two configurations of a current operational hydrodynamic forecasting system (based on the Finite Volume Community Ocean Model, or FVCOM) for the Laurentian Great Lakes. We then compare the… Show more
“…Multiple hydro-climate datasets are available to represent the water balance of the Great Lakes 31 ranging from gauge-based aggregated data 43 , 52 to model simulations 47 and remote sensing products 40 . However, they were mostly developed independently with limited consideration of fidelity to the water balance 31 .…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The intensified dynamic of water levels in the last two decades 35 has elevated societal concern of a potential new norm for the Great Lakes hydrologic cycle 12 , 36 in the future as global temperatures continue to rise 37 , posing new challenges for regional water management. Although there are multiple data sources available to study the Great Lakes water balance 22 , 38 – 45 , none of them adequately quantify uncertainty 46 , 47 or reconcile the water balance because they were developed independently. Fig.…”
Section: Background and Summarymentioning
confidence: 99%
“…A conventional water balance equation is used within the L2SWBM to constrain the estimates, ensuring that outputs can close the water balance over multiple time periods. The L2SWBM has been used to support Great Lakes hydrological research, particularly by attributing water level changes to climatic conditions 50 , assessing bias of different data products representing a common water balance component 47 , 51 , and benchmarking the performance of operational forecasts 31 .…”
We develop new estimates of monthly water balance components from 1950 to 2019 for the Laurentian Great Lakes, the largest surface freshwater system on Earth. For each of the Great Lakes, lake storage changes and water balance components were estimated using the Large Lakes Statistical Water Balance Model (L2SWBM). Multiple independent data sources, contributed by a binational community of research scientists and practitioners, were assimilated into the L2SWBM to infer feasible values of water balance components through a Bayesian framework. A conventional water balance model was used to constrain the new estimates, ensuring that the water balance can be reconciled over multiple time periods. The new estimates are useful for investigating changes in water availability, or benchmarking new hydrological models and data products developed for the Laurentian Great Lakes Region. The source code and inputs of the L2SWBM model are also made available, and can be adapted to include new data sources for the Great Lakes, or to address water balance problems on other large lake systems.
“…Multiple hydro-climate datasets are available to represent the water balance of the Great Lakes 31 ranging from gauge-based aggregated data 43 , 52 to model simulations 47 and remote sensing products 40 . However, they were mostly developed independently with limited consideration of fidelity to the water balance 31 .…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The intensified dynamic of water levels in the last two decades 35 has elevated societal concern of a potential new norm for the Great Lakes hydrologic cycle 12 , 36 in the future as global temperatures continue to rise 37 , posing new challenges for regional water management. Although there are multiple data sources available to study the Great Lakes water balance 22 , 38 – 45 , none of them adequately quantify uncertainty 46 , 47 or reconcile the water balance because they were developed independently. Fig.…”
Section: Background and Summarymentioning
confidence: 99%
“…A conventional water balance equation is used within the L2SWBM to constrain the estimates, ensuring that outputs can close the water balance over multiple time periods. The L2SWBM has been used to support Great Lakes hydrological research, particularly by attributing water level changes to climatic conditions 50 , assessing bias of different data products representing a common water balance component 47 , 51 , and benchmarking the performance of operational forecasts 31 .…”
We develop new estimates of monthly water balance components from 1950 to 2019 for the Laurentian Great Lakes, the largest surface freshwater system on Earth. For each of the Great Lakes, lake storage changes and water balance components were estimated using the Large Lakes Statistical Water Balance Model (L2SWBM). Multiple independent data sources, contributed by a binational community of research scientists and practitioners, were assimilated into the L2SWBM to infer feasible values of water balance components through a Bayesian framework. A conventional water balance model was used to constrain the new estimates, ensuring that the water balance can be reconciled over multiple time periods. The new estimates are useful for investigating changes in water availability, or benchmarking new hydrological models and data products developed for the Laurentian Great Lakes Region. The source code and inputs of the L2SWBM model are also made available, and can be adapted to include new data sources for the Great Lakes, or to address water balance problems on other large lake systems.
“…The hydrological properties of estuaries create a complex physical environment due to the combined effects of up- stream rivers and the adjacent ocean. Estuary circulations are primarily controlled by freshwater discharge, the tidal range and tidal currents (Sassi and Hoitink, 2013;Veerapaga et al, 2019) and are modified by winds, shorelines and topography (Alebregtse and de Swart, 2016;Lai et al, 2018), which further influence the processes of salinity transport and salt wedges in estuary waters (Haralambidou et al, 2010;Gong and Shen, 2011;Liu et al, 2019). Salinity changes in estuaries have been the focal point of much work over the past few decades in order to understand saltwater intru-sion mechanisms, with the majority of the research based on on-site observations and numerical models.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Salinity changes in estuaries have been the focal point of much work over the past few decades in order to understand saltwater intru-sion mechanisms, with the majority of the research based on on-site observations and numerical models. Early studies analyzed observation data to investigate the salt intrusion phenomenon in estuaries, with further evaluations performed on estuary mixing type, salt intrusion distance, salinity distribution and the current circulation (Pritchard, 1952(Pritchard, , 1954Hansen and Rattray, 1965). This was followed by field surveys via instrumentation of acoustic-Doppler-current profilers (ADCP) and conductivity-temperature-depth (CTD), whereby researchers investigated the salinity distribution Table 1.…”
Abstract. The wetland of Liao River estuary (LRE) in northeastern China is one of the
best-preserved wetlands across the globe. However, it is extremely vulnerable
to hydrological changes as well as other disturbances, particularly upstream
river discharges and the reclamation from anthropogenic activities. In this
study, a 3D hydrodynamic model was used to reproduce the flow patterns of the
LRE and to explore the variation in salinity under different
scenarios. Furthermore, the impact of river discharge and shoreline changes on
the salinity distribution in the LRE was quantitatively analyzed and
discussed through several simulation experiments. The model reasonably
reconstructed the spatiotemporal variability and distribution of salinity in
the Liao River estuary and the wetlands across intertidal areas. Increases in
runoff were demonstrated to significantly decrease the mean salinity values of
the estuary, with changes in salinity negatively correlated to the
longitudinal distance from the estuary mouth. Moreover, the shoreline change
caused by the construction of Panjin Port was observed to have an obvious
influence on the salinity distribution of the LRE, particularly in the lower
reaches of the Pink Beach wetland. Comparisons of the Liao River estuary
residual flow fields under different shorelines revealed that the
establishment of the port resulted in the diffusion of the runoff from the
Daliao River due to the obstruction of the port body, which enhanced the tidal
mixing effect and consequently weakened the dilution effect of freshwater
entering the Pink Beach wetland. Overall, the current study should be helpful
for offering a greater understanding of Suaeda heteroptera vegetation
degradation in the LRE, China, and also provides a new perspective in
investigating the degradation mechanism in other estuarine wetlands.
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