Evaluating operational AVHRR sea surface temperature data at the coastline using surfers

Brewin, Robert J. W.; Mora, L. De; Billson, Oliver; Jackson, T. J.; Russell, Paul; Brewin, Thomas G.; Shutler, Jamie D.; Miller, Peter I.; Taylor, Benjamin H.; Smyth, Tim; Fishwick, James

doi:10.1016/j.ecss.2017.07.011

Cited by 45 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…They found a significant reduction in the performance of AVHRR algorithms at retrieving SST at the coastline, with root mean square differences over twice that observed from validations using buoy data a few kilometres offshore. Although there is remarkable potential for using surfers and other watersports participants for improving data collection in the nearshore coastal ocean [31][32][33][34][35], currently such datasets are relatively sparse and limited to conditions preferable for the activity, such that the findings of Brewin et al [30] were based on a relatively limited number of satellite and in situ match-ups.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Owing to a large network of in situ instruments on a variety of platforms, our understanding of the accuracy and precision of the satellite SST retrievals is reasonable in the open ocean [28]. However, in the nearshore coastal ocean, it is poor, due to sparse and insufficient in situ datasets being available [29,30].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To address this, Brewin et al [30] recently utilised in situ SST measurements collected from a group of recreational surfers and matched these observations in time and space with satellite SST retrievals from the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometers (AVHRR) series. They found a significant reduction in the performance of AVHRR algorithms at retrieving SST at the coastline, with root mean square differences over twice that observed from validations using buoy data a few kilometres offshore.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluating Operational AVHRR Sea Surface Temperature Data at the Coastline Using Benthic Temperature Loggers

et al. 2018

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Abstract:The nearshore coastal ocean is one of the most dynamic and biologically productive regions on our planet, supporting a wide range of ecosystem services. It is also one of the most vulnerable regions, increasingly exposed to anthropogenic pressure. In the context of climate change, monitoring changes in nearshore coastal waters requires systematic and sustained observations of key essential climate variables (ECV), one of which is sea surface temperature (SST). As temperature influences physical, chemical and biological processes within coastal systems, accurate monitoring is crucial for detecting change. SST is an ECV that can be measured systematically from satellites. Yet, owing to a lack of adequate in situ data, the accuracy and precision of satellite SST at the coastline are not well known. In a prior study, we attempted to address this by taking advantage of in situ SST measurements collected by a group of surfers. Here, we make use of a three year time-series (2014-2017) of in situ water temperature measurements collected using a temperature logger (recording every 30 min) deployed within a kelp forest (∼3 m below chart datum) at a subtidal rocky reef site near Plymouth, UK. We compared the temperature measurements with three other independent in situ SST datasets in the region, from two autonomous buoys located ∼7 km and ∼33 km from the coastline, and from a group of surfers at two beaches near the kelp site. The three datasets showed good agreement, with discrepancies consistent with the spatial separation of the sites. The in situ SST measurements collected from the kelp site and the two autonomous buoys were matched with operational Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) EO SST passes, all within 1 h of the in situ data. By extracting data from the closest satellite pixel to the three sites, we observed a significant reduction in the performance of AVHRR at retrieving SST at the coastline, with root mean square differences at the kelp site over twice that observed at the two offshore buoys. Comparing the in situ water temperature data with pixels surrounding the kelp site revealed the performance of the satellite data improves when moving two to three pixels offshore and that this improvement was better when using an SST algorithm that treats each pixel independently in the retrieval process. At the three sites, we related differences between satellite and in situ SST data with a suite of atmospheric variables, collected from a nearby atmospheric observatory, and a high temporal resolution land surface temperature (LST) dataset. We found that differences between satellite and in situ SST at the coastline (kelp site) were well correlated with LST and solar zenith angle; implying contamination of the pixel by land is the principal cause of these larger differences at the coastline, as opposed to issues with atmospheric correction. This contamination could be either from land directly within the pixel, potentially impacted by errors in geo-location, or possibly through thermal adjacenc...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluating Operational AVHRR Sea Surface Temperature Data at the Coastline Using Benthic Temperature Loggers

et al. 2018

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“…They used the WavepHOx and SUP to map variability in oxygen and carbonate chemistry across a shallow and densely vegetated seagrass ecosystem that would have been difficult to access with conventional platforms. Brewin et al (2015Brewin et al ( , 2017) equipped a small group of surfers with GPS recorders and temperature sensors to measure sea-surface temperature (SST). They used the data to reveal a significant reduction in performance of satellites at retrieving SST at the coastline (Brewin et al, 2017), and suggested measurements collected by surfers and other recreational watersports could help improve satellite algorithms in nearshore regions.…”

Section: Existing Studies and Technological Developmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Brewin et al (2015Brewin et al ( , 2017) equipped a small group of surfers with GPS recorders and temperature sensors to measure sea-surface temperature (SST). They used the data to reveal a significant reduction in performance of satellites at retrieving SST at the coastline (Brewin et al, 2017), and suggested measurements collected by surfers and other recreational watersports could help improve satellite algorithms in nearshore regions. Recently, a surfboard fin (Smartfin 4 ) has been developed to measure temperature, motion, and geo-location, with plans to integrate Frontiers in Marine Science | www.frontiersin.orgbiogeochemical sensors, beginning with pH.…”

Section: Existing Studies and Technological Developmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expanding Aquatic Observations through Recreation

et al. 2017

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Accurate observations of the Earth system are required to understand how our planet is changing and to help manage its resources. The aquatic environment-including lakes, rivers, wetlands, estuaries, coastal and open oceans-is a fundamental component of the Earth system controlling key physical, biological, and chemical processes that allow life to flourish. Yet, this environment is critically undersampled in both time and space. New and cost-effective sampling solutions are urgently needed. Here, we highlight the potential to improve aquatic sampling by tapping into recreation. We draw attention to the vast number of participants that engage in aquatic recreational activities and argue, based on current technological developments and recent research, that the time is right to employ recreational citizens to improve large-scale aquatic sampling efforts. We discuss the challenges that need to be addressed for this strategy to be successful (e.g., sensor integration, data quality, and citizen motivation), the steps needed to realize its potential, and additional societal benefits that arise when engaging citizens in scientific sampling.

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Coastal Sea Level and Related Fields from Existing Observing Systems

et al. 2019

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We review the status of current sea-level observing systems with a focus on the coastal zone. Tide gauges are the major source of coastal sea-level observations monitoring most of the world coastlines, although with limited extent in Africa and part of South America. The longest tide gauge records, however, are unevenly distributed and mostly concentrated along the European and North American coasts. Tide gauges measure relative sea level but the monitoring of vertical land motion through highprecision GNSS, despite being essential to disentangle land and ocean contributions in tide gauge records, is only available in a limited number of stations (25% of tide gauges have a GNSS station at less than 10 km). Other data sources are new in-situ observing systems fostered by recent progress in GNSS data processing (e.g. GPS reflectometry, GNSS-towed platforms) and coastal altimetry currently measuring sea level as close as 5 km from the coastline. Understanding observed coastal sea level also requires information on various contributing processes, and we provide an overview of some other relevant observing systems, including those on (offshore and coastal) wind-waves and water density and mass changes.

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Evaluating operational AVHRR sea surface temperature data at the coastline using surfers

Cited by 45 publications

References 61 publications

Evaluating Operational AVHRR Sea Surface Temperature Data at the Coastline Using Benthic Temperature Loggers

Evaluating Operational AVHRR Sea Surface Temperature Data at the Coastline Using Benthic Temperature Loggers

Expanding Aquatic Observations through Recreation

Coastal Sea Level and Related Fields from Existing Observing Systems

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