Evaluating Nitrogen Oxides and Ultrafine Particulate Matter Emission Features of Urban Bus Based on Real-World Driving Conditions in the Yangtze River Delta Area, China

Liu, Dengguo; Lou, Diming; Liu, Juan; Fang, Liang; Huang, Wei‐Ming

doi:10.3390/su10062051

Cited by 10 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…It was shown that compared to older technologies there is a huge improvement; nevertheless, the ultimate goal is to reach almost zero emission levels. The same applies to other diesel heavy-duty trucks which usually have high emissions under city conditions [14,21,35]. One approach is using compressed natural gas (CNG) vehicles that had lower NO x emissions than diesel vehicles [9,10,13,37,38].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, whether this is still true compared to the Euro VI diesel vehicles has to be investigated [14]. Other concepts such as hybridization need to be evaluated in the future, as in some cases they show reductions [13,35], but concerns regarding the operating temperature of the after-treatment devices were also raised [13].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, in some cases, modern engines can have high emissions in the city even when expressed in mg/kWh [14]. Cold start and/or some city conditions (e.g., traffic/congestion) result in high engine out emissions (e.g., [35]) and low exhaust gas temperature, and consequently, the SCR system cannot work efficiently. In our study, the emissions were high during cold start and in some city conditions (see Figure 5).…”

Section: Vehicle Emissionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Emission Factors of a Euro VI Heavy-duty Diesel Refuse Collection Vehicle

et al. 2019

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Modern (Euro VI) heavy-duty vehicles have significantly lower pollutant emissions than older vehicles. However, there are still concerns regarding the emissions of refuse collection vehicles in cities, because in some cases they may use engines designed for long haulage trucks. For this reason, we tested a diesel Euro VI (step C) refuse collection heavy-duty vehicle, both in the laboratory on a chassis dynamometer and on the road, similar to the regulated in-service conformity cycle, but also with actual refuse collection cycles. Particle number (PN) and gaseous pollutants (NOx, CO, HC) were measured using a Portable Emissions Measurement System (PEMS). Additionally, in the laboratory we used laboratory grade gaseous, particle number, and FTIR (Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy) systems to assess the PEMS. For short periods, where the exhaust gas temperature was low for the aftertreatment devices (cold start, some city conditions), the NOx emissions reached 2000 mg/km. Nevertheless, all pollutants were well below the applicable emissions limits expressed in mg/kWh for all cycles examined (in brackets the ratio to the laboratory limit): NOx < 400 mg/kWh (0.87), CO < 850 mg/kWh (0.21), HC < 12 mg/kWh (0.08), PN < 2.4×1010 p/kWh (0.04). To make sure that this will always be the case, future heavy-duty type approval emissions regulations should specifically consider the urban conditions for municipality vehicles, such as refuse trucks.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Vehicle Emissionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Emission Factors of a Euro VI Heavy-duty Diesel Refuse Collection Vehicle

et al. 2019

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“…As confirmed in the previous study of IEA (International Energy Agency), 23% of the total carbon dioxide emissions in the world was contributed by the transportation sector, including automobiles, light trucks, freight trucks, and buses [8]. A heavy duty vehicle such as bus can emit nitrogen oxides and PM0.1 (particulate matter with a diameter less than 0.1 μm) with the emission factors up to 5 g/ km for nitrogen oxides and 0.001 g/ km for PM0.1 [9]. A recent study also shows that vehicular traffic becomes a contributor to air pollution.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrafine Particle Filter Design for Motorcycle Emission Exhaust System: A High Voltage Electrostatic-Based System

Wardoyo¹

2020

GEOMATE

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A large number of motor vehicles in the world have been linked to the increase of the emissions, such as particulate matters and gases. These pollutants, especially for the particulate matters with the diameter less than 0.1 micrometer or ultrafine particles, become detrimental thing to the natural environment and human health. There is a need to develop a better method to decrease the particles. Thus, one step ahead of the technological improvement in the transportation sector is the development of an emission filter applied in a motor vehicle exhaust system. According to this background, we developed an ultrafine particle filtering system based on an electrostatic principle using a direct current -high voltage. The filter is based on a electrostatic principle by using uses aluminum as the anode and cathode. This filter was tested under the different DC voltage of 100, 200, 300, and 400 Volt. The efficiency of the filter was tested by measuring the motor cycle ultrafine particles before and after applying the electrostatic filter. The particle concentrations were measured by using a TSI P-Trak Ultrafine Particle Counter model 8525. The result shows that the designed filter works well in reducing the ultrafine particles., with the efficiency of 7% to 46%. The filter efficiency depends on the applied voltage.

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“…The second category aims to develop models to provide more precise knowledge about vehicle emissions in easily identifiable environments, which are called "micro" or "local" scale models. This approach offers the chance to acquire vehicle emissions data in real-world conditions [28,29]. Zhang et al investigated the emission characteristics of transportation vehicles using real data [30].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

On-Road Bus Emission Comparison for Diverse Locations and Fuel Types in Real-World Operation Conditions

Wang

Sun

2020

Sustainability

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Urban buses have energy and environmental impacts because they are mostly equipped with heavy-duty diesel engines, having higher emission factors and pollution levels. This study proposed a mean distribution deviation (MDD) method to identify bus pollutant emissions including CO, CO 2 , HC, and NO X at road sections, intersections, and bus stops for different fuel types; and explore the changes in emissions for different locations in the road sections, bus stops, and intersection influence areas. Bus speed, acceleration, and emissions data were collected from four fuel types in China. For different locations and fuel types, the differences in emissions were all statistically significant. MDD values for different locations indicated that there were more obvious differences in emissions between road sections and intersections. In addition, heat maps were applied in this study to better understand changes in bus emissions for different locations in the bus stop influence areas, intersection influence areas, and road sections. the proportion of new energy vehicles in buses is largely increasing, it is necessary to re-estimate the emissions characteristics of public transport vehicles, especially for new energy buses. In particular, intersection and bus stop areas can create congestion and further increase emission rates due to speed changes and stop-and-go operations [24][25][26][27]. In light of these considerations, measuring and comparing bus emissions at different locations are one of the emphases of this study.The first category of vehicle emission analysis methods is aimed at analyzing exhaust fumes for large areas and regions. This kind of emission analysis is regarded as a "macro" scale and is combined with the average values of influencing variables [28]. The second category aims to develop models to provide more precise knowledge about vehicle emissions in easily identifiable environments, which are called "micro" or "local" scale models. This approach offers the chance to acquire vehicle emissions data in real-world conditions [28,29]. Zhang et al. investigated the emission characteristics of transportation vehicles using real data [30]. From the results, the problem of NO X emissions is still confronted with severe challenges. For different locations, the performance of pollutant emissions may vary. In the relevant reference [18], approximately half of bus emissions were produced in and around intersection/stop areas. In addition, the use of alternative fuels, such as compressed natural gas, biodiesel, and hybrid technology (diesel/electric) reduced carbon emissions, leading to improved air quality [31][32][33][34]. For instance, Dreier et al. found an absolute reduction of 1115 g CO 2 per kilometer when using plug-in hybrid-electric city buses [35]. It should be noted that if the available data and information about the application system and technologies (such as bus emissions) are incomplete, imprecise, and uncertain, then technology identification could be very difficult. Liu et al. introduced a simpl...

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Evaluating Nitrogen Oxides and Ultrafine Particulate Matter Emission Features of Urban Bus Based on Real-World Driving Conditions in the Yangtze River Delta Area, China

Cited by 10 publications

References 15 publications

Emission Factors of a Euro VI Heavy-duty Diesel Refuse Collection Vehicle

Emission Factors of a Euro VI Heavy-duty Diesel Refuse Collection Vehicle

Ultrafine Particle Filter Design for Motorcycle Emission Exhaust System: A High Voltage Electrostatic-Based System

On-Road Bus Emission Comparison for Diverse Locations and Fuel Types in Real-World Operation Conditions

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