“…Prior literature[(e.g., Christensen et al, (2008);Verriest et al, (2013);and Capkun et al, (2015)] shows that the effects of IFRS adoption in EU countries that allowed voluntary IFRS adoption prior to 2005 are highly dependent on managers' incentives to adopt IFRS voluntarily prior to 2005 or postpone adoption till IFRS became mandatory beginning in 2005. Also, related macroeconomic impacts, see,Cummins et al (2017),Eichler and Sobanski (2016),Galariotis et al (2016), andOet et al (2016).…”