Evaluating maximum stand density and size–density relationships based on the Competition Density Rule in Korean pines and Japanese larch

Lee, Daesung; Choi, Jungkee

doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2019.05.017

Cited by 13 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…The plots were installed in the forest where the most recent thinning was conducted at least more than 7 years ago. The selected target stands had a relatively high stand density before installing the plots and executing the thinning operation [24,25]. The relative density (stand density index divided by maximum stand density index) before thinning was mostly above 0.7 in each stand type by species, according to the models of Lee and Choi [24,25].…”

Section: Plot Characteristic With Stand Densitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The trees sampled in the present study were dominant or codominant in the plots where the relative density was higher than 0.7. These plots represent dense stands, where the growth of biometric features, for example, diameter vs. height, may differ from that in low-density stands [24,25]. Nevertheless, the study plots cannot be considered as unthinned stands because the history of silvicultural treatments and stand density during the entire period of tree growth is unknown.…”

Section: Model Evaluation and Applicabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Developing and Comparing Individual Tree Growth Models of Major Coniferous Species in South Korea Based on Stem Analysis Data

Seo

Lee

Choi

2023

Forests

Self Cite

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Tree growth in Korean red pine (Pinus densiflora, hereafter Pd), Korean white pine (Pinus koraiensis, hereafter Pk), and Japanese larch (Larix kaempferi, hereafter Lk) was modeled using Logistic, Korf, Gompertz, Chapman-Richards, and Weibull equations and stem analysis data from sample trees: 38 trees for Pd, 46 trees for Pk, and 45 trees for Lk. The models were fitted to the total increment of tree size variables, diameter at breast height (DBH), height, basal area, and stem volume, as a function of age. After selecting the best-fit growth function, the current annual increment (CAI) and mean annual increment (MAI) were compared for each variable by species. The optimal growth functions were Chapman-Richards for DBH and stem volume, Korf for height, and Gompertz for basal area. The parameter estimates in the final models were all significant (p < 0.01) with best-fit statistics and unbiased residual plots. When plotted with observed values, the growth patterns of each variable were represented properly. The predicted growth curves over age were concave with respect to the Y-axis in DBH and height but lightly convex in basal area, and explicitly convex in stem volume, whereas an asymptote of sigmoid curve in stem volume was not apparent until 100 years. Age with the maximum MAI among variables was arranged similarly to CAI; the age with maximum MAI was earliest for DBH and latest for volume. The maximum growth was achieved earliest in Lk, followed by Pk and Pd. The developed models were able to predict tree size variables and serve as a reference to understand growth characteristics by species.

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Section: Plot Characteristic With Stand Densitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Model Evaluation and Applicabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Developing and Comparing Individual Tree Growth Models of Major Coniferous Species in South Korea Based on Stem Analysis Data

Seo

Lee

Choi

2023

Forests

Self Cite

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“…Overall, although there is no doubt of the relationship between increasing mean D and a decreasing number of trees per unit area, most of the existing reports indicate that the slope parameter of the maximum size-density equation and self-thinning rule is not a universal constant [5,36,59]. Accounting for other factors, such as H, crown size, tree species, and site conditions, can improve the relationships between maximum size-density and self-thinning [48,53,60].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…After the relationships were determined, Zeide and Burkhart suggested that tree D contributed the most, followed by volume and H [6,51]. However, there are no reports that systematically clarify the significance of all the relevant factors, and it is also not certain whether the obtained relationships are truly universal [6,10,59,61]. A critical challenge to clarify the relationships is the lack of a reliable and operative measure that can be used to identify fully stocked stands.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using Limit Value Constraint Theory to Better Understand the Self-Thinning Rule of Forest

Long,

Zeng,

Xiao

et al. 2023

Forests

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Stand density management is important for decision-making regarding adaptive silviculture and thinning, growth modelling, and yield prediction in forests, especially plantations. Although substantial research related to the self-thinning rule and maximum size-density law has been conducted, there are still critical gaps that exist in the biophysical explanation and validation of the relationships among stand variables and relevant parameters. In this study, time series observations from six plots of fully stocked Chinese fir plantations with different densities of planted trees were used to characterise the growth of stand basal area (G), average height (H), and diameter at breast height (D). The growth trends in the stand parameters and the relationships among them were analysed. As indicated by previous studies, in the fully stocked stands, there was a significant linear relationship between G and H. This study also resulted in the following new findings: (1) At the beginning, the growth rate of stand basal area (PG) was greater than the growth rate of average height (PH), but PG decreased quickly as the stands approached canopy closure and then became stable. Meanwhile, as the stands neared canopy closure, the rate of increase in the G/H ratio decelerated, ultimately resulting in a stable G/H value that approached the first limit value. This led to a stand growth balance status that continued until self-thinning took place. (2) Artificial thinning broke the growth balance status, but the stands returned to balance status if they were still young enough. Self-thinning also broke the growth balance status and lead to fluctuating growth rates of both G and H, but the fluctuations were very slight, which showed a trend in similar growth rates of G and H. (3) The findings implied that the stand G and H growths were allometric at the beginning but became isogonic as canopy closure and self-thinning were approached. On the other hand, the H growth rate was generally greater than that of D, but both growth rates showed a trend in similar values after the stands matured. Subsequently, the H/D ratio is anticipated to stabilize and gradually converge towards the second limit value once the stands reach maturity. The results implied that the stand growth balance status and two limit values can be used to identify and select fully stocked stands that are needed for the development of maximum size-density equations and self-thinning rules.

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“…Concerns have been expressed regarding the effects of stand density on tree growth and wood quality during stand development (Moore et al, 2012;Dobner et al, 2018). On the one hand, the contradictory findings from numerous studies based on commercial tree species indicate the impacts of stand density on ring width, wood density, and stem form (Tong and Zhang, 2005;Lee and Choi, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variation in Growth, Wood Density, and Stem Taper Along the Stem in Self-Thinning Stands of Sassafras tzumu

Sun¹,

Forrester²,

Soares³

et al. 2022

Front. Plant Sci.

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Silvicultural practices greatly improve the economic value of wood products from forests. Stem dimensions, wood density, and stem form are closely linked to end-product performance. This research aimed to examine the effects of stand density and stem height on variables that reflect ring growth and wood properties of Sassafras tzumu stands during the self-thinning phase. Between the ages of 10 and 40 years, the number of stems per hectare has declined from 1,068 to 964 due to density-dependent mortality. As the relative stand density decreased, there were significant reductions in the average tree ring width (5.07–3.51 mm) and increases in latewood proportions (49.88–53.49%) and the density of the annual growth ring (165.60–708.58 kg/m3). Therefore, ring density, earlywood density, and latewood density increased with decreasing relative stand density after self-thinning occurred. Ring width, earlywood width, and latewood width significantly increased from the base to the apex of the stem. Stand density and stem height had additive effects on S. tzumu wood properties during the self-thinning phase. A shift in the growth allocation along the longitudinal stem in response to self-thinning resulted in decreasing radial growth, increasing wood density, and improved stem form. In summary, we found a significant influence of stand density on tree ring growth, wood quality, and stem form of S. tzumu trees during the self-thinning phase.

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Evaluating maximum stand density and size–density relationships based on the Competition Density Rule in Korean pines and Japanese larch

Cited by 13 publications

References 30 publications

Developing and Comparing Individual Tree Growth Models of Major Coniferous Species in South Korea Based on Stem Analysis Data

Developing and Comparing Individual Tree Growth Models of Major Coniferous Species in South Korea Based on Stem Analysis Data

Using Limit Value Constraint Theory to Better Understand the Self-Thinning Rule of Forest

Variation in Growth, Wood Density, and Stem Taper Along the Stem in Self-Thinning Stands of Sassafras tzumu

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