“…Bryophyte and macrolichen richness per plot is quite high (as we only sampled 4 m 2 of forest floor and 0.64 m 2 of bark surface) compared with other regions (for lichens: Boch, Prati et al., ; Cleavitt, Clyne, & Fahey, ; Nascimbene & Marini, ; for bryophytes: Horvat, Heras, García‐Mijangos, & Biurrun, and Müller et al., ). We did not sample crustose lichen species, but as their richness is often much higher than that of macrolichens and both diversities are positively correlated (Bergamini, Stofer, Bolliger, & Scheidegger, ), we assume that the total lichen richness per plot also would exceed average values of most parts of other European countries. This and the occurrence of many endemic bryophytes highlights the outstanding conservational value of the laurel forest of Madeira as diversity hotspot of bryophytes and lichens.…”