Evaluating land application of pulp and paper mill sludge: A review

Turner, Tomi; Wheeler, Rebecca; Oliver, Ian W.

doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.115439

Cited by 54 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 92 publications

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“…Pertama, campuran pulp stok diproduksi menjadi komponen berserat melalui bahan kimia, mekanis, atau kombinasi cara kimia dan mekanis. Di pabrik kertas, pulp ini dicampur dengan air dan dimurnikan sesuai spesifikasi produk akhir sebelum bahan pengisi seperti tanah liat dan kalsium, serta zat pewarna ditambahkan (Turner et al, 2022). Metode pulping yang paling umum adalah (pulp kimia) melepaskan serat selulosa dengan secara selektif menghancurkan ikatan kimia dalam zat seperti lem (lignin) yang mengikat serat bersama-sama.…”

Section: Pulp and Paper Industryunclassified

Kajian Permasalahan Lingkungan dan Usulan Pengaplikasian Cleaner Production di Industri Kertas

Isrofi¹

2022

JUMINTEN

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ABC merupakan perusahaan yang bergerak dalam pembuatan pulp dan kertas. Industri pulp dan pembuatan kertas merupakan industry yang membutuhkan banyak komsumsi air tawar. Salah satu hal yang menjadi perhatian adalah pembuangan limbah kimia beracun yang berakibat dalam masalah lingkungan dan kesehatan jangka panjang. Kerugian nyata dari permasalahan tersebut dapat dilihat dari sektor lingkungan, sosial, dan ekonomi. Salah satu alternatif untuk mengatasi dampak lingkungan adalah konsep produksi bersih (cleaner production/CP). Cleaner production tidak hanya melindungi lingkungan dan kesehatan manusia, tetapi juga meningkatkan efisiensi ekonomi, daya saing dan profitabilitas perusahaan. Strategi ini dapat membawa keuntungan finansial dan ekonomi yang signifikan serta manfaat lingkungan di tingkat lokal dan global. Dalam paper berikut dibahas mengenai kondisi eksisting perusahaan kertas PT. ABC dengan environmental challenge analysis. Kodisi eksisting menilai perusahaan sudah menerapkan green growth company. Beberapa hal sudah diterapkan perusahaan untuk cleaner production. Penerapan cleaner production yang mengacu pada green manufacturing tidak akan berdampak jika tidak diimbangi dengan keberlanjutan penerpannya. Berdasarkan analisis tersebut akan dilakukan analisis fishbone diagram dan 5W1H untuk melihat dampak dan akibat yang ditimbulkan dan kemudian usulan perbaikan yang mengarah pada cleaner production, dimana nantinya dianalisis benefit (keuntungan) antara kondisi eksisting dan usulan perbaikan yang diberikan yang berdasarkan 3P yaitu Pollution, People, dan Profit.

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Section: Pulp and Paper Industryunclassified

Kajian Permasalahan Lingkungan dan Usulan Pengaplikasian Cleaner Production di Industri Kertas

Isrofi¹

2022

JUMINTEN

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“…Paper mill sludge (PMS) is a high-volume polluting waste in pulp and papermaking industries, produced at an average rate of 45 kg per ton of virgin papermaking and 300 kg per ton of recycled papermaking. − Globally, paper and paperboard production is anticipated to rise to 550 million tons by 2050 from the current annual rates of 400 million tons, increasing PMS production by 48–86%, presenting a significant disposal challenge for pulp and papermaking companies. − In the United States, 52% of PMS is landfilled; , however, it may be restricted or prohibited, especially in North America, to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and its potential environmental and human health impacts. , PMS contains high amounts of cellulose fibers, varying from 11 to 76% w/w, suitable for cellulose extraction, which offers opportunities not only for the papermaking industry but also for other industries. − Additionally, PMS consists of filler minerals such as kaolin, CaCO 3 , silicate, and TiO 2 that are frequently employed as pigments in papermaking and paper-coating applications, as well as pitch, lignin, and heavy metals. Environmental and public acceptability issues might arise from the heavy metal content of some PMS types as well as from odor, especially when it spreads close to residential areas .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced Internal Coating Structure and Light Reflectance of Coated Papers: A Sludge Valorization Process

Altay

Huq

Aksoy

et al. 2023

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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Paper mill sludge (PMS) is a high-volume waste of the pulppapermaking industry, containing cellulose fibers. This paper introduces cellulose nanofibers extracted from PMS (CNFs PMS ) and their application in paper coatings using a wire-wound coating method to enhance internal and optical properties of paper. Three factors were investigated: (i) CNFs PMS amount, (ii) number of layers, and (iii) surface treatment via a 4 × 2 × 2 factorial design. The experimental responses were tracked by fundamentally important internal properties including porosity, air permeability, thickness, roughness, and optical properties of brightness, gloss, and CIE L*a*b* color coordination. The results showed that CNF PMS enhances porosity to 91 mL/ min, permeability to 0.5 × 10 −3 μm 2 , and gloss to 29.5 at 1 wt % CNFs PMS applied in two layers with 500 pli calendering. Roughness improves to 2 μm at all levels of CNFs PMS applied to two layers with 500 calendering. CNFs PMS prevents a decrease in brightness and improves lightness, suggesting more colors can be produced in printing applications. The utilization of PMS for papermaking applications can add value to these underutilized residues and open a new revenue stream by reusing it as a high-value material.

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“…Previous studies have also highlighted that variations in sludge properties can arise even when comparing sludges from different mills that employ similar processes and/or produce similar products" [20]. "Therefore, individual characterisation of sludges is crucial if informed decisions are to be made about their suitability for land application and are currently already conducted in many countries" [21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…"The amount and chemical composition, as well as the geotechnical properties of paper mill sludge depend on the paper grade being manufactured, specific fresh water consumption, the wastewater cleaning technique applied and the type of raw materials" [20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Different Types of Chemicals, Cooking Time and Chemical Concentration on the Quality of Sludge and Pulp Appearance

Chukwudebelu

Agunwamba

2023

AJOCS

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Pulp and paper production process releases different types of wastes into the environment and pulp mill sludge is one of the major wastes from pulp and paper mill. The environmental awareness has led to more attention being given to the process of paper production and the raw materials and chemical usage. In this study, we analyzed the effect of chemical, concentration and cooking time on the characteristics of sludge and physical appearance of pulp obtained from pulping kenaf stem. The stem was pulped with 20%, 60% and 90% concentrations of formic acid and sodium hydroxide at 1 hour, 2 hours and 3 hours intervals to determine the parameters of their sludge as well as pulp appearance. The parameters considered include carbon, nitrogen, turbidity, phosphorus, ash and moisture. Sludge from sodium hydroxide pulping showed lowest value (0.02) of carbon with 60% concentration and highest (4.30) with 90% after 1hr cooking. Formic acid sludge that reported zero carbon with 20% concentration gave lowest value (1.77) at 60% after 1hr and highest value (8.73) after 3hrs with 90% concentration. Both formic acid and sodium hydroxide sludge recorded highest values (0.29 & 39.77) of nitrogen at 60% concentrations. The sludges of the two chemicals were most turbid at 90% and less at 60% concentrations with highest phosphorus values at the same concentrations. Both sludges reported lowest moisture contents at 60%. Sodium hydroxide showed highest ash at 20% after 1hr cooking while the highest value for formic acid was recorded at 90% after 3hrs cooking. The 60% formic acid at 2 hours gave a better pulp on physical examination and the sludge from the same process can also be reused.

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Evaluating land application of pulp and paper mill sludge: A review

Cited by 54 publications

References 92 publications

Kajian Permasalahan Lingkungan dan Usulan Pengaplikasian Cleaner Production di Industri Kertas

Kajian Permasalahan Lingkungan dan Usulan Pengaplikasian Cleaner Production di Industri Kertas

Enhanced Internal Coating Structure and Light Reflectance of Coated Papers: A Sludge Valorization Process

Effect of Different Types of Chemicals, Cooking Time and Chemical Concentration on the Quality of Sludge and Pulp Appearance

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