“…There is evidence that active preoperative patient education improves postoperative outcomes in spinal surgery regarding emergency room use, expenditure, and psychological measures [ 17 , 18 ]. Given that social media websites have been established as poor sources of information, the high proportion of patients utilizing these websites is concerning and offers room for advancement [ 15 , 19 , 20 ]. Our study revealed that most information provided originates from nonacademic, nongovernment sources (72.2%), with 21.5% from social media websites.…”