“…S econd, within the past decade, there has been an increase in accountability expectations especially in the field of gifted education (e.g., Association for the Gifted, 1989;Beggs, Mouw, & Barton, 1989;Carter, 1991;Purcell, 1995). In addition, granting agencies (e.g., private foundations) are emphasizing evaluation and outcome studies across all levels of the grant process.…”