Evaluating fare evasion risk in bus transit networks

Barabino, Benedetto; Francesco, Massimo Di; Ventura, Roberto

doi:10.1016/j.trip.2023.100854

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…However, a primary innovation of this research lies not in formulating new models but in the incorporation and utilization of existing models in an alternative setting. EMs have been widely used in various economic and engineering fields (e.g., [39], [40], [41], [43]). However, their combination into a framework for live evaluation and management of the risk posed by traffic load hazards on road bridges is a novel aspect of this study.…”

Section: B Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, exposure (E s ) refers to a variable for which, when equal to zero value, the frequency of events must be zero. Therefore, the prediction frequency model of load overloading can be evaluated by a Generalized Linear Model with a Negative Binomial Regression (NBR) error structure, as applied in other fields (e.g., [39], [40], [41]).…”

Section: B Methodology For Real-time Risk Evaluation and Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Traffic Hazards on Main Road’s Bridges: Real-Time Estimating and Managing the Overload Risk

Ventura,

Maternini,

Barabino

2024

IEEE Trans. Intell. Transport. Syst.

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The risk associated with extreme traffic loads on bridges has seldom been explored, with State-of-the-art evaluation methods being time-consuming and unsuitable for fast risk management. Traditional risk management advocates optimizing offline bridge maintenance plans. In contrast, novel approaches that can assess and manage this risk live through Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITSs) are lacking. This study addresses these gaps with a three-block framework. It utilizes Weigh-In-Motion (WIM) systems for collecting bridge-specific traffic load data, develops a probabilistic Risk Prediction Model for estimating the frequency and severity of overloading events drawing on current Structural Design Codes (SDCs), and simulates an ITS-based architecture for implementing management actions. The framework was tested on 2.5M+ WIM raw data records gathered from the ring road of Brescia, Italy. Results showed that bridge design loads were overcome more frequently than SDCs prescriptions, and violations of the Traffic Code mass limit significantly affected risk predictions. These findings underscore the need for increased attention when issuing permits for extremely overweighted vehicles and encourage enforcement strategies implemented by ITS-based architectures for real-time risk management.Index Terms-Bridge overload risk, bridge risk prediction models, weigh-in-motion, real-time bridge management strategies, traffic load hazard. I. INTRODUCTIONB RIDGES are among the most vulnerable elements of road networks because they may have structural issues that could compromise their use or, worst case, cause a collapse [1]. The whole transportation system is impacted by a bridge closure, being a negative event that lengthens user travel times, stops commodities from reaching their destinations and results in additional congestion [2]. After hydraulic actions, vehicular traffic is the primary element that affects bridge

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Section: B Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: B Methodology For Real-time Risk Evaluation and Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Traffic Hazards on Main Road’s Bridges: Real-Time Estimating and Managing the Overload Risk

Ventura,

Maternini,

Barabino

2024

IEEE Trans. Intell. Transport. Syst.

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show abstract

“…Refs. [ 50 , 51 ], and [ 52 ]). This decision was made to make the results easier to interpret and to suggest possible severity mitigation actions.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prediction of the severity of exceeding design traffic loads on highway bridges

Ventura,

Barabino,

Maternini

2024

Heliyon

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“…The goal is to offer direction to Administrations, PTCs, and practitioners on how to prioritize risk mitigation actions throughout different parts of the transit network, using established tools. Moreover, this choice is influenced by the widespread use of four or five-level scales to classify, e.g., the risk of bus crashes [41,42], the risk of fare evasion in buses [43]. Notably, individuals are not constrained to conform to preceding ranges, which can be formulated in various ways, to enhance their acceptability.…”

Section: Step 2-safety Indicators Computation and Road Network Rankingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mega-Events: Assessing Road Safety through an Operating Framework. An Application for the Milano–Cortina 2026 Winter Olympic Games

Cigognetti,

Carra,

Ghirardi

et al. 2024

Infrastructures

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To meet the United Nations and European Union goals of reducing road crash fatalities and injuries, it is also relevant to address the negative externalities due to mega-events on the road network and the local communities, to assess the safety of the road network involved, and to implement appropriate measures for different road environments. Despite their relevance, the literature often overlooks social costs and risks associated with mega-events. This study presents an operating framework for rapidly assessing the safety of the Milano–Cortina 2026—“Via Olimpica” road—which will host a significant proportion of the traffic during the Winter Olympic Games in 2026. The framework proposes a simplified Road Infrastructure Safety Management (RISM) to address the unique challenges posed by the limited time available for screening and implementation by local authorities. The framework integrates four data sources and follows a seven-step procedure. It provides recommendations for improving road safety by identifying critical road sections and blackspots. Road authorities, practitioners, and public administrations may all benefit from the framework, as it makes it easier to prioritise safety improvements within time constraints.

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Evaluating fare evasion risk in bus transit networks

Cited by 9 publications

References 40 publications

Traffic Hazards on Main Road’s Bridges: Real-Time Estimating and Managing the Overload Risk

Traffic Hazards on Main Road’s Bridges: Real-Time Estimating and Managing the Overload Risk

Prediction of the severity of exceeding design traffic loads on highway bridges

Mega-Events: Assessing Road Safety through an Operating Framework. An Application for the Milano–Cortina 2026 Winter Olympic Games

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