Evaluating Faces on Trustworthiness After Minimal Time Exposure

Todorov, Alexander; Pakrashi, Manish; Oosterhof, Nikolaas N.

doi:10.1521/soco.2009.27.6.813

Cited by 605 publications

(515 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…Viewers tend to concentrate their fixations, including the very first fixation in a scene, on interesting and informative regions. 40 The initial fixation on a target is sufficient to allow categorisation and identification judgements 41 to allow judgements of trustworthiness 27 and provides sufficient information to correctly identify the general gist of the scene in front of the observer. 42 Given this emphasis on data extracted in the first fixation, further analyses of fixation durations (and fixation distance, see below) were therefore based on the first fixation made towards the pedestrian.…”

Section: How Long Do We Fixate Other Pedestrians?mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This does not represent typical behaviour. Glances toward other people tend to be short because it is often uncomfortable to look at others for long periods 26 and because there may be no need to -information about others such as trustworthiness can be gained from exposures as short as 50 ms. 27,28 As the light level increases (within the range of levels typical of outdoor lighting) then reaction time decreases and visual acuity increases, i.e. objects can be seen more quickly and when they are smaller or further away.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Exploring the nature of visual fixations on other pedestrians

Fotios

Uttley

Fox

2016

Lighting Research & Technology

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How we look at other people may affect conclusions drawn about the effect of changes in lighting when this task needs to be done after dark. This paper reports further analysis of the distance and duration of fixation on other pedestrians, updating a previous review by considering a greater number of fixations and by examining the influence on these of other characteristics such as the relative direction of travel. This analysis provides further support for a tendency to fixate others at a distance of 15 m and for a duration of 500 ms.

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Section: How Long Do We Fixate Other Pedestrians?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the nature of visual fixations on other pedestrians

Fotios

Uttley

Fox

2016

Lighting Research & Technology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Researchers may elect to take their own photographs of targets and process those images in-house (e.g., Correll, Park, Judd, & Wittenbrink, 2002), identify usable targets from archives, such as yearbooks (e.g., Blair, Judd, & Fallman, 2004), find images from online or print sources (e.g., BaronCohen et al, 1997), create computer-generated faces (e.g., Todorov, Pakrashi, & Oosterhof, 2009), or use stimuli from published databases, such as NimStim or Project Implicit (e.g., Ma & Devos, 2013;McConnell & Leibold, 2001). The amount of effort required to gather, standardize, and pre-test pictorial stimuli can be daunting.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Chicago face database: A free stimulus set of faces and norming data

2015

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Researchers studying a range of psychological phenomena (e.g., theory of mind, emotion, stereotyping and prejudice, interpersonal attraction, etc.) sometimes employ photographs of people as stimuli. In this paper, we introduce the Chicago Face Database, a free resource consisting of 158 high-resolution, standardized photographs of Black and White males and females between the ages of 18 and 40 years and extensive data about these targets. In Study 1, we report pretesting of these faces, which includes both subjective norming data and objective physical measurements of the images included in the database. In Study 2 we surveyed psychology researchers to assess the suitability of these targets for research purposes and explored factors that were associated with researchers' judgments of suitability. Instructions are outlined for those interested in obtaining access to the stimulus set and accompanying ratings and measures.

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“…Perhaps because hierarchical standing appears to be expressed nonverbally, evidence suggests it is among the most rapid and automatic trait attributions humans make (13,14). Specifically, perceivers' impressions of a target's dominance increase significantly as the target assumes a more expanded and open nonverbal posture (15).…”

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confidence: 99%

Dominant, open nonverbal displays are attractive at zero-acquaintance

Vacharkulksemsuk

Reit

Khambatta

et al. 2016

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Across two field studies of romantic attraction, we demonstrate that postural expansiveness makes humans more romantically appealing. In a field study (n = 144 speed-dates), we coded nonverbal behaviors associated with liking, love, and dominance. Postural expansivenessexpanding the body in physical space-was most predictive of attraction, with each one-unit increase in coded behavior from the video recordings nearly doubling a person's odds of getting a "yes" response from one's speed-dating partner. In a subsequent field experiment (n = 3,000), we tested the causality of postural expansion (vs. contraction) on attraction using a popular Global Positioning Systembased online-dating application. Mate-seekers rapidly flipped through photographs of potential sexual/date partners, selecting those they desired to meet for a date. Mate-seekers were significantly more likely to select partners displaying an expansive (vs. contractive) nonverbal posture. Mediation analyses demonstrate one plausible mechanism through which expansiveness is appealing: Expansiveness makes the dating candidate appear more dominant. In a dating world in which success sometimes is determined by a split-second decision rendered after a brief interaction or exposure to a static photograph, single persons have very little time to make a good impression. Our research suggests that a nonverbal dominance display increases a person's chances of being selected as a potential mate.attraction | postural expansiveness | mate selection | nonverbal behavior | romantic relationships

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Evaluating Faces on Trustworthiness After Minimal Time Exposure

Abstract: We thank Amir Goren, Chris Olivola, Chris Said, Crystal Hall, Sara Verosky, and Sean Baron for their comments on previous drafts of this manuscript.

Cited by 605 publications

References 64 publications

Exploring the nature of visual fixations on other pedestrians

Exploring the nature of visual fixations on other pedestrians

The Chicago face database: A free stimulus set of faces and norming data

Dominant, open nonverbal displays are attractive at zero-acquaintance

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