Evaluating, Expressing, and Propagating Measurement Uncertainty for NIST Reference Materials

Possolo, Antonio

doi:10.6028/nist.sp.260-202

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…The use of Bayesian methods in metrology, including the use of informative prior distributions, has been advocated and adopted in many publications such as [10][11][12][13]. Nevertheless, applications have largely been confined to researchers, for instance, in national metrology institutes, rather than practitioners, and have made little impact on measurement practice in the community at large.…”

Section: Target Audiencementioning

confidence: 99%

Simple informative prior distributions for Type A uncertainty evaluation in metrology

O’Hagan

Cox

2023

Metrologia

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The result of a measurement, including the expression of uncertainty in the measurement, should represent a carefully considered opinion based on the metrologist's experience and expertise, as well as on the data and other information sources. This is the position of the Guide to the expression of uncertainty in measurement (GUM), where the requirement for such judgment is clear in the case of Type B (non-statistical) evaluation. However, when making Type A evaluations, involving statistical analysis of data, the GUM and related GUM documents implicitly consider the data to be the only relevant information. This perspective is unfortunate, and arguably unscientific, when, as is frequently the case, the metrologist could bring other relevant information to bear. Bayesian statistical methods allow the use of prior information in addition to the data in Type A evaluation and have been advocated by several authors. However, prior information is in principle subjective and, as in other fields, there is some resistance in the metrology community at large to embrace Bayesian methods using meaningful, subjective prior probability distributions. We address our paper to metrologists in measurement and calibration laboratories whose workload is such that new techniques will only be adopted if they have proven advantages and are straightforward to apply routinely. We present two prior distributions for use in the most basic of all Type A evaluations, where the data comprise a sample of indications assumed to be normally distributed. These distributions represent prior information about the observation error variance in a simple form that is readily justified in practice. We show the gains to be achieved by using these prior distributions, both in the single Type A evaluation and in a more complex measurement model, and present simple guidance for verifying their validity.

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Section: Target Audiencementioning

confidence: 99%

Simple informative prior distributions for Type A uncertainty evaluation in metrology

O’Hagan

Cox

2023

Metrologia

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“…Additional information is also made available in the following NIST Special Publications: SP 260-136-2021 [5], which explains the different vocabulary and terms used to define and describe SRMS; and SP 260-202 [18], which provides detailed guidance on how to evaluate and propagate the uncertainties listed in the COA.…”

Section: Srm Certificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Certification of NIST gas mixture Standard Reference Materials

Cecelski¹,

Harris²,

Goodman³

et al. 2022

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NIST develops reference materials and reference instruments that are used to ensure the accuracy, metrological traceability, and comparability of measurement results in many diverse fields of science, industry, and technology.The NIST Material Measurement Laboratory (MML) serves as the U.S. national reference laboratory for measurements in the chemical, biological, and material sciences. The MML Office of Reference Materials (ORM) supports the production and dissemination of all NIST reference materials and reference instruments.NIST's ORM maintains over 1300 Standard Reference Materials (SRMS) ® . These materials are used to perform instrument calibrations, verify the accuracy of specific measurements, and support the development of new measurement methods. All available SRMS are listed in the NIST SRM Catalog at https://www.nist.gov/srm. ScopeThis document provides details on the production and evaluation of gas mixture SRMS, which are certified and sold by NIST. It is meant to serve as a resource for NIST customers, who use gas mixture SRMS as calibrants to establish traceability of their own measurement results, and as a supplement to the Certificates of Analaysis (COAS) issued by NIST, which accompany the units of these gas mixtures. This document describes the general procedures employed for the certification of gas mixture SRMS, including mixture production, value assignment, and quality assurance testing.

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“…And 2) the results from gravimetry and coulometry are combined into a single value and statement of uncertainty. Bayesian data analysis techniques and Monte Carlo uncertainty propagation methods are leveraged to accomplish those goals [31,32]. The gravimetric wCa measurements are provided in Table 8.…”

Section: Statistical Design and Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Certification of Standard Reference Material® 915c Calcium Carbonate

Vetter¹

2022

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Standard Reference Material (SRM) 915c Calcium Carbonate is certified as a chemical substance of known purity. It is intended for use in the calibration and standardization of procedures for calcium (Ca) determinations employed in clinical analysis and for routine critical evaluation of the daily working standards used in these procedures. A unit of SRM 915c consists of a single glass bottle containing 20 g of the material. This publication documents the production, analytical methods, and computations involved in characterizing this product.

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Evaluating, Expressing, and Propagating Measurement Uncertainty for NIST Reference Materials

Cited by 3 publications

References 34 publications

Simple informative prior distributions for Type A uncertainty evaluation in metrology

Simple informative prior distributions for Type A uncertainty evaluation in metrology

Certification of NIST gas mixture Standard Reference Materials

Certification of Standard Reference Material® 915c Calcium Carbonate

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