Evaluating Equating in Progress Monitoring Measures Using Multilevel Modeling

Equating Oral Reading Fluency Scores: A Model-Based Approach

“…Such a large magnitude of error in ORF scores can be crucial, especially for students who are identified to be at risk of poor reading outcomes. Moreover, it would be difficult to distinguish the change of ORF scores due to true student growth versus passage dissimilarity, which would jeopardize the validity of longitudinal ORF assessments (Albano et al, 2018; Albano & Rodriguez, 2012). Thus, test developers of ORF assessments need to correct for varying passage difficulties with appropriate methods for more precise measurement of ORF.…”