“…Lithium battery contains toxic chemicals like, nickel, copper and lead substances. Improper disposal and storage can lead to environmental pollution, as well as cause explosive hazard [88], [89].…”
Electric vehicles (EVs) are drawing increasing attention, given the volatile fuel prices and impending reduction in fuel supplies. EVs are also preferred in the automotive industry as they reduce the environmental impact and fuel consumption while achieving a higher efficiency when compared to internal combustion engine vehicles (ICEVs). Although most of energy and environmental policies worldwide have set targets with the goal to shift from classic fossil fuel driven vehicles to electrified transport, the share of EVs is still rather low. The complexity of changing the human perception of transportation goes beyond technical and economic aspects and very few research activities managed to capture the additional factors. This paper presents a comprehensive review of studies on consumer preferences for EV, aiming to better inform policy-makers and give direction to further research. In addition, this paper discusses the main obstacles that limit the social acceptance in adopting EVs such as driving obstacles, charging obstacles and willingness-to-pay from consumers. Furthermore, mitigation strategies are outlined as the recommendation to promote a better EV deployment.
“…Lithium battery contains toxic chemicals like, nickel, copper and lead substances. Improper disposal and storage can lead to environmental pollution, as well as cause explosive hazard [88], [89].…”
Electric vehicles (EVs) are drawing increasing attention, given the volatile fuel prices and impending reduction in fuel supplies. EVs are also preferred in the automotive industry as they reduce the environmental impact and fuel consumption while achieving a higher efficiency when compared to internal combustion engine vehicles (ICEVs). Although most of energy and environmental policies worldwide have set targets with the goal to shift from classic fossil fuel driven vehicles to electrified transport, the share of EVs is still rather low. The complexity of changing the human perception of transportation goes beyond technical and economic aspects and very few research activities managed to capture the additional factors. This paper presents a comprehensive review of studies on consumer preferences for EV, aiming to better inform policy-makers and give direction to further research. In addition, this paper discusses the main obstacles that limit the social acceptance in adopting EVs such as driving obstacles, charging obstacles and willingness-to-pay from consumers. Furthermore, mitigation strategies are outlined as the recommendation to promote a better EV deployment.
“…As such, when EVs reach 20% of a total vehicle market share globally, the electricity peak demand is expected to increase by 36%. In some countries, like China, research by [6] indicated that the popularity of EVs will strain not only its national grid, but also to its national water supply. This is because in China, two major contributors to power generation are hydroelectric and coal power plants that rely heavily on the national water supply.…”
Section: New Challenges Emerged From Evs' Popularitymentioning
Electric vehicles (EV) are quickly gaining a foothold in global markets due to their zero tailpipe emissions and increasing practicality in terms of battery technologies. However, even though EV powertrains emit zero emissions during driving, their efficiency has not been fully optimized, particularly due the commonly used single-speed transmission. Hence, this paper provides an extensive review on the latest works carried out to optimize the power flow in EV powertrains using multispeed discrete transmission, continuously variable transmission and multi-motor configurations. The relevant literatures were shortlisted using a keyword search related to EV powertrain in the ScienceDirect and Scopus databases. The review focused on the related literatures published from 2018 onwards. The publications were reviewed in terms of the methodologies applied to optimize the powertrain for efficiency and driving performance. Next, the significant findings from these literatures were discussed and compared. Finally, based on the review, several future key research areas in EV powertrain efficiency and performance are highlighted.
“…Recycling, for example, can reduce manufacturing costs by 25.6–36.6%, water consumption by 30.1–41.2%, and greenhouse gas emissions by 29.3–38.2%. [ 15 ] One under‐investigated, but critical dimension in the EOL LIB supply chain management, is safety, which is an important social sustainability dimension. It is a primary challenge for large‐scale application in the LIB industry, [ 8 ] with surprisingly minimal investigation.…”
Lithium‐ion battery (LIB) usage is growing dramatically worldwide. Relatedly, there is a need for the management of end‐of‐life (EOL) LIBs. EOL requires closed‐loop systems and supply chains. Although many studies related to managing EOL in closed‐loop supply chains exist, one especially pernicious issue is overlooked—safety. This study seeks to address this major safety oversight for EOL LIBs using closed‐loop supply chains that are critical to a larger circular economy environment. The evaluation is completed along a technology–organization–environment (TOE) framework; potential research directions for mitigating safety issues are part of the analysis of this study. Specific and general research questions pertaining to secure management of EOL LIBs are put forward to help advance academic research. Practical concerns are also described for policymakers and organizations. This study reveals implications of these questions for the intersection of materials science, supply chain management, and fire‐protection engineering.
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