Evaluating Energy Efficiency of ONUs Having Multiple Power Levels in TDM-PONs

Newaz, S. H. Shah; Cuevas, Antonio; Lee, Gyu Myoung; Crespi, Noël; Choi, Jun Kyun

doi:10.1109/lcomm.2013.043013.122648

Cited by 18 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…With the objective to develop a probability of finite buffer overflow for an ONU, we assume, similar to [2], [7], [11], [16], that the upstream frame arrival rate (λ) follows Poisson distribution. Hence, the probability that x frames arrive during sleep period T s is expressed as follows [16]:…”

Section: A Buffer Overflow Probabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We evaluate their performance results using our outstanding TDM-PON OPNET Modular based simulator model (this model presented in [12] and used in [8], [22]). For performance evaluation, we assume that the OLT assigns always a fixed sleep interval period T s for an ONU similar to [11]. We suppose that T s = 50 ms 2 .…”

Section: Performance Evaluationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, when an ONU uses IMEW, number of control messages associated with sleep mode could increase in a TDM-PON due to frequent wakeup, thereby, reducing overall network energy efficiency and minimizing bandwidth utilization [10]. Authors in [11] show how sleep mode associated control messages could contribute in increasing ONUs' energy consumption.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Early Wake-Up Decision Algorithm for ONUs in TDM-PONs With Sleep Mode

Mohammed

Newaz

Uddin

et al. 2016

J. Opt. Commun. Netw.

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Abstract-Recent IEEE and ITU-T standards for TDM-Passive Optical Network (TDM-PON) with sleep mode recommend that the Optical Line Terminal (OLT) in a TDM-PON should be in charge of invoking an Optical Network Units (ONU) to move into sleep state in absence of frames. It is considered that, on upstream frame arrival, a sleeping ONU can leave sleep state, in which an ONU turns off its transmitter or both transmitter and receiver immediately, prior to its assigned sleep interval length. In this paper, we refer to this approach as immediate early wakeup (IMEW). According to the standards, the OLT may or may not allow an ONU to trigger early wake-up function (EWF) on upstream frames arrival. If the OLT does not allow EWF (not support early wake-up (NSEW)), an ONU should stay in sleep state during its assigned sleep duration and buffer all the upstream frames while it is in this state. In IMEW, upstream frames experience small delay but ONU's energy consumption increases remarkably. Conversely, in NSEW, an ONU consumes less energy compared to IMEW at the price of increasing upstream frame delay and possibility of its buffer overflow. In this paper, the limitations of IMEW and NSEW have motivated us to propose a novel Early Wake-up Decision (EWuD) algorithm which aims at meeting upstream frame delay requirement while reducing ONUs' energy consumption as much as possible. The role of EWuD algorithm is to select an appropriate time for triggering EWF taking into consideration two factors: (1) buffer overflow probability and (2) delay requirement violation of upstream frames. We evaluate EWuD performances using our TDM-PON OPNET Modular based simulation model under wide range of scenarios. Findings demonstrate that our proposed EWuD can successfully meet delay requirement of all upstream frames while reducing ONU's energy consumption significantly.

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Section: A Buffer Overflow Probabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Performance Evaluationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Early Wake-Up Decision Algorithm for ONUs in TDM-PONs With Sleep Mode

Mohammed

Newaz

Uddin

et al. 2016

J. Opt. Commun. Netw.

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“…Since we utilize the hybrid sleep mode, we can divide the ONU into three parts: the transmitter, the receiver, and the common modules [24]. The common modules refer to the parts that always keep working, even if the ONU goes into deep sleep mode.…”

Section: Energy Consumption Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Multicast-Traffic-Oriented Energy-Saving Algorithm with a Hybrid Sleep Mode for EPONs

Zhang

Guo

Liu

et al. 2016

Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering

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High energy consumption in Ethernet Passive Optical Networks (EPONs) has caused intense research on energy-saving methods in recent years. The most common method for EPON energy saving is to cause optical network units (ONUs) to sleep which are idle or low loaded. With the popularity of multimedia applications, the ONUs carry not only unicast traffic but also more and more multicast traffic. However, existing studies mainly focus on ONUs that support only unicast traffic. The many differences between multicast traffic and unicast traffic make it necessary to design novel energy-saving methods. This paper proposes a multicasttraffic-oriented energy-saving algorithm for EPONs, called the energy-saving algorithm for multicast traffic (ESMT). To save as much energy as possible, the proposed algorithm uses a hybrid sleep mode (composed of a deep sleep state and an independent sleep mode) in which not only can ONU enter a deep sleep state, but also the ONU transmitter and receiver can sleep independently. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm, which is oriented to multicast traffic in EPONs, is more energy efficient than other algorithms.

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“…[14][15][16][17]). For instance, authors in [14] introduced a mathematical expression in order to understand energy and delay performances under FSI.…”

Section: Sleep Interval Deciding Algorithmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance analysis of TCP traffic and its influence on ONU’s energy saving in energy efficient TDM-PON

Mohammed

Newaz

Lee

et al. 2015

Optical Fiber Technology

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The majority of the traffic over the Internet is TCP based, which is very sensitive to packet loss and delay. Existing research efforts in TDM-Passive Optical Networks (TDM-PONs) mostly evaluate energy saving and traffic delay performances under different energy saving solutions. However, to the best of our knowledge, how energy saving mechanisms could affect TCP traffic performance in TDM-PONs has hardly been studied. In this paper, by means of our state-of-art OPNET Modular based TDM-PON simulator, we evaluate TCP traffic delay, throughput, and Optical Network Unit (ONU) energy consumption performances in a TDM-PON where energy saving mechanisms are employed in ONUs. Here, we study the performances under commonly used energy saving mechanisms defined in standards for TDM-PONs: cyclic sleep and doze mode. In cyclic sleep mode, we evaluate the performances under two well-known sleep interval length deciding algorithms (i.e. fixed sleep interval (FSI) and exponential sleep interval deciding (ESID)) that an OLT uses to decide sleep interval lengths for an ONU.Findings in this paper put forward the strong relationship among TCP traffic delay, throughput and ONU energy consumption under different sleep interval lengths. Moreover, we reveal that under high TCP traffic, both FSI and ESID will end up showing similar delay, energy and throughput performance. Our findings also show that doze mode can offer better TCP throughput and delay performance at the price of consuming more energy than cyclic sleep mode. In addition, our results provide a glimpse on understanding at what point doze mode becomes futile in improving energy saving of an ONU under TCP traffic. Furthermore, in this paper, we highlight important research issues that should be studied in future research to maximize energy saving in TDM-PONs while meeting traffic Quality of Service requirements.

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Evaluating Energy Efficiency of ONUs Having Multiple Power Levels in TDM-PONs

Cited by 18 publications

References 9 publications

Early Wake-Up Decision Algorithm for ONUs in TDM-PONs With Sleep Mode

Early Wake-Up Decision Algorithm for ONUs in TDM-PONs With Sleep Mode

A Multicast-Traffic-Oriented Energy-Saving Algorithm with a Hybrid Sleep Mode for EPONs

Performance analysis of TCP traffic and its influence on ONU’s energy saving in energy efficient TDM-PON

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