Evaluating differences in spatial visual attention in wayfinding strategy when using 2D and 3D electronic maps

Lei, Tsu Chiang; Wu, Shih Chieh; Chao, Chi Wen; Lee, Su Hsin

doi:10.1007/s10708-014-9605-3

Cited by 17 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Eye-tracking studies have also suggested that participants using 3D representations need to perform an extensive visual search to find the details of routes during map learning [29]. When searching for objects, 3D maps produce clustered fixations with longer duration and smaller saccadic amplitude [30]. This means that 3D users are less efficient at gathering detailed information.…”

Section: Evaluation Of 3d Representations For Wayfindingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some recent studies have suggested integrating 3D and 2D representations to combine their advantages [29,30,32]. For example, Lei, Wu, Chao and Lee [30] have suggested that 2D maps could be used to provide a general structure of the routes and 3D information could be enabled when users search locations of interest.…”

Section: Evaluation Of 3d Representations For Wayfindingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, Lei, Wu, Chao and Lee [30] have suggested that 2D maps could be used to provide a general structure of the routes and 3D information could be enabled when users search locations of interest. Liao, Dong, Peng and Liu [29] have found that 2D maps are more efficient for spatial knowledge acquisition, whereas 3D representations provide users a more efficient visual search, resulting in better performance at decision points.…”

Section: Evaluation Of 3d Representations For Wayfindingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An Exploratory Study Investigating Gender Effects on Using 3D Maps for Spatial Orientation in Wayfinding

Liao

Dong

2017

IJGI

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3D representations in applications that provide self-localization and orientation in wayfinding have become increasingly popular in recent years because of technical advances in the field. However, human factors have been largely ignored while designing 3D representations in support of pedestrian navigation. This exploratory study aims to explore gender effects on using 3D maps for spatial orientation. We designed a 3D map that combines salient 3D landmarks and 2D layouts, and evaluated gender differences in their performance during direction-pointing tasks by administrating an eye tracking experiment. The results indicate there was no significant overall gender difference on performance and visual attention. However, we observed that males using the 3D map paid more attention to landmarks in the environment and performed better than when using the conventional 2D map, whereas female performance did not show any significant difference between the two types of map usage. We also observed contrary gender differences in visual attention on landmarks between the 3D and 2D maps. While males fixated longer on landmarks than females when using the 3D map, females paid more visual attention to landmarks than males when using the 2D map. In addition, verbal protocols showed that males had more confidence while make decisions. These empirical results can be helpful in the design of map-based wayfinding enhancement tools.

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Section: Evaluation Of 3d Representations For Wayfindingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Evaluation Of 3d Representations For Wayfindingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Evaluation Of 3d Representations For Wayfindingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An Exploratory Study Investigating Gender Effects on Using 3D Maps for Spatial Orientation in Wayfinding

Liao

Dong

2017

IJGI

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“…By comparing 2D maps with photorealistic 3D representations for pedestrian navigation, Dong and Liao [84,85] found that the advantages and disadvantages of 3D representations are task dependent: 3D representations performed less effectively and efficiently in the process of spatial knowledge acquisition, but more efficiently in self-positioning and orientation. Similar experimentation was conducted by Lei et al [86], using 2D and 3D electronic maps for way-finding. The results showed that people carried out a wider ranging search and shorter viewing time with the 2D electronic map, while the 3D electronic map provided more information about the environment.…”

Section: Discussion Related To Current Trendsmentioning

confidence: 83%

Visualizing the Intellectual Structure of Eye Movement Research in Cartography

Wang

Chen

Yuan

et al. 2016

IJGI

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Abstract:Eye movement research is a burgeoning frontier area in cartography that has attracted much attention from cartographers. However, the substantial amount of relevant literature poses a challenge for researchers aiming to obtain a rapid understanding of the intellectual structure of this research field. The purpose of this paper is to introduce the use of bibliometric analysis methods and multiple visual metaphors to visualize the intellectual structure of eye movement research in cartography, including the classic literature, research theme clusters, and research hotspots, etc. We also explain the use of geovisualization method, which can efficiently represent the spatial distribution of scientific power. Although the analysis results may not fully describe the whole research field, this method is generally applicable. We hope that it will not only help researchers to quickly grasp the evolution and trends of this research field, but will also become a novel method of merging geovisualization with knowledge visualization.

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“…Currently, visualizations combining 2D and 3D elements and using the benefits of both types of visualization are becoming more common [50][51][52][53]. Stachoň et al, [54] also focused on the influence of the level of realism on user navigation in virtual reality.…”

Section: Stimuli: Realism Vs Abstractionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Navigation in Indoor Environments: Does the Type of Visual Learning Stimulus Matter?

Snopková

Švedová

Kubíček

et al. 2019

IJGI

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This work addresses the impact of a geovisualization’s level of realism on a user’s experience in indoor navigation. The key part of the work is a user study in which participants navigated along a designated evacuation route previously learnt in a virtual tour or traditional 2D floor plan. The efficiency and effectiveness of completing the task was measured by the number of incorrect turns during navigation and completion time. The complexity of mental spatial representations that participants developed before and after navigating the route was also evaluated. The data was obtained using several qualitative and quantitative research methods (mobile eye tracking, structured interviews, sketching of cognitive maps, creation of navigation instructions, and additional questions to evaluate spatial orientation abilities). A total of 36 subjects (17 in the “floor plan” group and 19 in the “virtual tour” group) participated in the study. The results showed that the participants from both groups were able to finish the designated navigation route, but more detailed mental spatial representations were developed by the “virtual tour” group than the “floor plan” group. The participants in the virtual tour group created richer navigation instructions both before and after evacuation, mentioned more landmarks and could recall their characteristics. Visual landmark characteristics available in the virtual tour also seemed to support the correct decision-making.

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Evaluating differences in spatial visual attention in wayfinding strategy when using 2D and 3D electronic maps

Cited by 17 publications

References 31 publications

An Exploratory Study Investigating Gender Effects on Using 3D Maps for Spatial Orientation in Wayfinding

An Exploratory Study Investigating Gender Effects on Using 3D Maps for Spatial Orientation in Wayfinding

Visualizing the Intellectual Structure of Eye Movement Research in Cartography

Navigation in Indoor Environments: Does the Type of Visual Learning Stimulus Matter?

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