Evaluating Cold, Wind, and Moisture Protection of Different Coverings for Prehospital Maritime Transportation–A Thermal Manikin and Human Study

Jussila, Kirsi; Rissanen, Sirkka; Parkkola, Kai; Anttonen, Hannu

doi:10.1017/s1049023x14001125

Cited by 11 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…In a study by Jussila et al, it was shown that choosing the optimal rescue bag made of water-resistant layers could provide adequate protection against cold, wind, and splash of water during the pre-hospital transfer. This finding is consistent with the results of our study (10). A systematic review was conducted by Haverkamp et al (12) regarding current hypothermia treatment and their efficacy in pre-hospital hypothermia management.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…In many cases, where the patient can be transferred quickly to a care facility, the passive rewarming approach is all that has been mentioned in the pre-hospital setting. Many studies have been performed to evaluate and compare different materials and products (7)(8)(9)(10)(11). However, recommendations concerning which items should be used in the field are often based on experience instead of scientific evidence.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Efficacy of rescue blanket versus conventional blanket in terms of preventing accidental hypothermia during patient transfer by emergency medical service: a randomized clinical trial

Saberian

Sadeghi

Hasani-Sharamin³

et al. 2019

J Emerg Pract Trauma

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Objective: This study aimed to compare the efficacy of rescue blankets with conventional blankets in terms of preventing hypothermia in the pre-hospital setting. Methods: In this randomized clinical trial, patients older than 18 years old with Cold Discomfort Scale (CDS) > 2, and those who were transferred to the emergency department (ED) by emergency medical service entered the study. Patients were randomly divided into two groups based on the type of transfer. In this regard, one group was transferred with rescue blankets and the other group was transferred with conventional blankets. The tympanic temperature in patients and CDS were recorded before the use of blanket (primary) and at the time of arrival in the ED (secondary). Results: Finally, 161 patients with the mean age of 45.31±19.8 years were included (63.4% were male). Totally, 88 cases (54.7%) were transferred with rescue blankets and 73 cases (45.3%) with conventional blankets. The mean of the primary tympanic temperatures in the rescue and conventional blanket groups were 36.20±0.84°C and 36.34±0.65°C, respectively (P=0.23). The mean of the primary CDS in rescue and conventional blanket groups were 6.55±1.95 and 5.89±2.29, respectively (P=0.05). Also, the mean of the secondary tympanic temperatures in the rescue and conventional blanket groups were 36.59±0.47°C and 36.76±0.48 °C, respectively (P=0.03). Besides, the mean of the secondary CDS in the rescue and conventional blanket groups were 2.64±2.80 and 2.41±1.29, respectively (P=0.48). Conclusion: According to the results, there is no significant difference in the tympanic temperature and CDS of the patients transferred with the rescue blanket compared with the conventional blanket.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy of rescue blanket versus conventional blanket in terms of preventing accidental hypothermia during patient transfer by emergency medical service: a randomized clinical trial

Saberian

Sadeghi

Hasani-Sharamin³

et al. 2019

J Emerg Pract Trauma

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“…Thermal insulation of the clothing ensembles were measured by using an aluminum thermal manikin consisting of 20 segments in a climate chamber 14 ) . The measurements were divided into two parts: dry resultant effective thermal insulation with walking thermal manikin (I cler ) according to the standard for cold protective clothing 13 ) and effect of wind on heat loss with standing thermal manikin.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal comfort sustained by cold protective clothing in Arctic open-pit mining—a thermal manikin and questionnaire study

et al. 2017

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Workers in the Arctic open-pit mines are exposed to harsh weather conditions. Employers are required to provide protective clothing for workers. This can be the outer layer, but sometimes also inner or middle layers are provided. This study aimed to determine how Arctic open-pit miners protect themselves against cold and the sufficiency, and the selection criteria of the garments. Workers’ cold experiences and the clothing in four Arctic open-pit mines in Finland, Sweden, Norway and Russia were evaluated by a questionnaire (n=1,323). Basic thermal insulation (Icl) of the reported clothing was estimated (ISO 9920). The Icl of clothing from the mines were also measured by thermal manikin (standing/walking) in 0.3 and 4.0 m/s wind. The questionnaire showed that the Icl of the selected clothing was on average 1.2 and 1.5 clo in mild (−5 to +5°C) and dry cold (−20 to −10°C) conditions, respectively. The Icl of the clothing measured by thermal manikin was 1.9–2.3 clo. The results show that the Arctic open-pit miners’ selected their clothing based on occupational (time outdoors), environmental (temperature, wind, moisture) and individual factors (cold sensitivity, general health). However, the selected clothing was not sufficient to prevent cooling completely at ambient temperatures below −10°C.

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“…[5][6][7]9,[30][31][32] Most of the human studies had a small number of subjects. 9,[30][31][32] Because the subjects were not hypothermic, skin surface temperatures were likely higher than they would have been in hypothermic subjects. Individual studies do not describe exactly how the reflective foils were placed, limiting the ability to compare results among studies.…”

Section: Clinical Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prehospital Use of Ultrathin Reflective Foils

Kosiński

Podsiadło

Darocha

et al. 2022

Wilderness & Environmental Medicine

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Ultrathin reflective foils (URFs) are widely used to protect patients from heat loss, but there is no clear evidence that they are effective. We review the physics of thermal insulation by URFs and discuss their clinical applications. A conventional view is that the high reflectivity of the metallic side of the URF is responsible for thermal protection. In most circumstances, the heat radiated from a well-clothed body is minimal and the reflecting properties of a URF are relatively insignificant. The reflection of radiant heat can be impaired by condensation and freezing of the moisture on the inner surface and by a tight fit of the URF against the outermost layer of insulation. The protection by thermal insulating materials depends mostly on the ability to trap air and increases with the number of covering layers. A URF as a single layer may be useful in low wind conditions and moderate ambient temperature, but in cold and windy conditions a URF probably best serves as a waterproof outer covering. When a URF is used to protect against hypothermia in a wilderness emergency, it does not matter whether the gold or silver side is facing outward.

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Evaluating Cold, Wind, and Moisture Protection of Different Coverings for Prehospital Maritime Transportation–A Thermal Manikin and Human Study

Cited by 11 publications

References 23 publications

Efficacy of rescue blanket versus conventional blanket in terms of preventing accidental hypothermia during patient transfer by emergency medical service: a randomized clinical trial

Efficacy of rescue blanket versus conventional blanket in terms of preventing accidental hypothermia during patient transfer by emergency medical service: a randomized clinical trial

Thermal comfort sustained by cold protective clothing in Arctic open-pit mining—a thermal manikin and questionnaire study

Prehospital Use of Ultrathin Reflective Foils

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