Evaluating Chemical Mixtures in Epidemiological Studies to Inform Regulatory Decisions

Savitz, David A.; Hattersley, Anne M.

doi:10.1289/ehp11899

Cited by 12 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…In order to cover a greater number of substances, such a large amount of evidence is required that it is practically impossible to achieve. Furthermore, the Regulation ignores substances for which there are only indications of possible endocrine action and therefore does not ensure the desired levels of safety for health and the environment, as previously stipulated in earlier legal texts [113]. The above concerns and criticisms are related to the fundamental question of whether risk assessment is a transparent process.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Endocrine Disruptors in Cosmetic Products and the Regulatory Framework: Public Health Implications

Kalofiri,

Biskanaki,

Kefala

et al. 2023

Cosmetics

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Endocrine disruptors (EDs) are molecules capable of mimicking the natural hormones of the body and interfering with the endocrine system in both humans and wildlife. Cosmetic products are one source of EDs; these include an extensive variety of personal care and beauty products designed for the skin and hair, as well as makeup. The widespread use of such products has raised concerns about the presence of EDs within them. In this study, we highlight the issue of EDs and analyze the functioning of the EU regulatory framework for chemicals, specifically those which act as EDs in cosmetic products. We also highlight issues related to the interface between science and policy in the critical area of risk regulation within the EU. In addition, we investigate how chemical substances that act as EDs are identified based on specific criteria and conditions, a process which involves the production and adoption of particular scientific opinions. Finally, we assess the efficiency, suitability, and effectiveness of the regulatory framework in this sensitive area of human exposure to chemicals, especially those that function as EDs.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Endocrine Disruptors in Cosmetic Products and the Regulatory Framework: Public Health Implications

Kalofiri,

Biskanaki,

Kefala

et al. 2023

Cosmetics

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“…Mixtures analyses where there were no single exposure analyses for PFAS reported in that paper were excluded. 26 We excluded narrative and systematic narrative reviews; however, before exclusion we checked for any relevant unique included reports in the systematic narrative reviews. To identify relevant ongoing or published systematic reviews to examine their methods, we conducted a rapid search in PROSPERO and PubMed.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gestational diabetes mellitus in relation to serum per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances: A scoping review to evaluate the need for a new systematic review

Aali,

Porter,

Hoffmann

et al. 2023

F1000Res

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Background Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) were used or are being used in the manufacturing of products, including consumer-use products. The resulting environmental contamination has led to widespread human exposure. This review aimed to scope the characteristics of evidence covered and applied methodology of evidence to understand -- regardless of any results on the association of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and PFAS -- if a new systematic review would be justified. Methods We systematically identified reports investigating associations of PFAS with GDM following a pre-specified and pre-registered PECO framework and protocol. Results The previous systematic reviews included 8-11 reports and either conducted meta-analyses stratified by comparator, analyzed results based on only high and low exposure categories, or pooled results across comparators. Included 20 reports presented data on 24 PFAS with PFOA, PFOS, PFHxS, PFNA, and PFDA being examined in almost all. The comparators employed were heterogeneous across the reports. Conclusions Because data from at least one new report on GDM is available since the previous systematic reviews and heterogeneous comparators, an updated systematic review using SWiM could add value to the literature.

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“…Human populations are exposed to complex chemical mixtures that may result in adverse health effects. , On the one hand, the constituents of some of these complex mixtures may share similar or identical skeletal molecular structures, which consequently bestow similar physicochemical properties (e.g., volatility and lipid solubility). On the other hand, even subtle differences in chemical structure and properties among constituents can engender significant variations in environmental and toxic behaviors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Are We Justified in Modeling Human Exposure to Chlorinated Paraffin Mixtures Using the Average Properties of Congeners and Homologues?

Chen,

Li,

Endo

et al. 2024

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Concern over human exposure to chlorinated paraffin (CP) mixtures keeps increasing. The absence of a comprehensive understanding of how human exposure varies with the physicochemical properties of CP constituents has hindered the ability to determine at what level of aggregation exposure to CPs should be assessed. We answer this question by comparing exposure predicted with either a "complex" method that utilizes isomer-specific properties or "simplified" methods that rely on median properties of congener, homologue, or short-/medium-/longchain CP groups. Our results demonstrate the wide range of physicochemical properties across CP mixtures and their dependence on molecular structures. Assuming unit emissions in the environment, these variances translate into an extensive disparity in whole-body concentrations predicted for different isomers, spanning ∼11 orders of magnitude. CPs with 13−19 carbons and 6−10 chlorines exhibit the highest human exposure potential, primarily owing to moderate to high hydrophobicity and slow environmental degradation and biotransformation. Far-field exposure is dominant for most CP constituents. Our study underscores that using average properties of congener, homologue, or S/M/LCCP groups yields results that are consistent with those derived from isomer-based modeling, thus offering an efficient and practical framework for future risk assessments and human exposure studies of CPs and other complex chemical mixtures.

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Evaluating Chemical Mixtures in Epidemiological Studies to Inform Regulatory Decisions

Cited by 12 publications

References 15 publications

Endocrine Disruptors in Cosmetic Products and the Regulatory Framework: Public Health Implications

Endocrine Disruptors in Cosmetic Products and the Regulatory Framework: Public Health Implications

Gestational diabetes mellitus in relation to serum per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances: A scoping review to evaluate the need for a new systematic review

Are We Justified in Modeling Human Exposure to Chlorinated Paraffin Mixtures Using the Average Properties of Congeners and Homologues?

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