“…Additionally, the national transport systems are at increased risk of disruptions arising from rapid urbanization and global climate change (Morelli & Cunha, 2021). In order to design risk mitigation strategies, many disasterrelated concepts have been utilized to study the performance of transport systems against disruptions, including reliability, risk, vulnerability, and resilience (Cambridge Systematics Inc, 2013;Faturechi & Miller-Hooks, 2015;Kramarz et al, 2022;Mondschein & Taylor, 2017;National Academies of Sciences Engineering & Medicine, 2014;Pennetti et al, 2020). This article takes a frequently used measure "vulnerability", which is usually quantified as the functionality drop under a given disruptive event (Boakye et al, 2022;Hong et al, 2015), as an example for the disaster performance analysis of the national transport systems, as it is regarded as a key facet of risk and resilience (Aven, 2015(Aven, , 2016Faturechi & Miller-Hooks, 2015), where risk typically measures the probability of an event arising and its corresponding effects (Choi, 2021;Xu & Lambert, 2015), and resilience captures the capacity of a system to withstand internal/external disruptions and rapidly recover from them (Kurth et al, 2020;Quenum et al, 2021;Rand et al, 2020).…”