Evaluating Biotic Elicitation with Phenylalanine and/or Yeast for Rosemary (<i>Rosmarinus officinals</i> L.) Sustainable Improvement under Traditional and Organic Agriculture

Abstract

Rosemary (Rosmrinus officinals) is one of the most important medicinal plants was cultivated for two subsequent seasons field experiment trial (March 2018(March , 2019 designed as factorial split-plot design with three replicates. The main factor 4 biotic elicitors: control (E 1 ), phenylalanine (E 2 ), yeast (E 3 ) and (E4), E2 + F3 Whereas, the sub-main factor, four fertilizers: (F1) NPK, (F2) 1/2NPK + PGPB and humic acid + PGPB (F 3 ), and moringa dry leaves extract. + PGPB (F 4 ). Statistical analysis for collected data revealed significant promotion for growth traits leading to significant increment biomass yield, secondary metabolites production and quality. Total phenolics, total flavonoids and essential oil its terpenes contents in which solitary, E2, E3 acted positive significant impact while E4exhiboted significant positive impact over E1 whereas, F1-4 achieved significant increment in which, biofertilser f4 > f3 > f2 over NPK biofertilser, while paired E1-4 with F1-4 performed E4E4 exceeded E3F3 exceeded E3F2 that exceeded E1F1. Therefore, multi-repeating elicitation with E2, 3, 4 coupled with Biofertilizers F2, 4 could be considered as eco-friendly innovative reliable practical application for sustainable improvement and sustainable use that exceeded significantly over traditional agriculture NPK alone or 1/2 NPK-PGPB for R. officinals.