Evaluating bioactivity and bioaccessibility properties of the propolis extract prepared with l-lactic acid: An alternative solvent to ethanol for propolis extraction

Atayoğlu, Ali Timuçin; Atik, Didem Sözeri; Bölük, Esra; Gürbüz, Başak; Ceylan, Fatma Duygu; Güven, Esra; Atayolu, Rumeysa; Paradkar, Anant; Fearnley, James; Palabıyık, İbrahim

doi:10.1016/j.fbio.2023.102756

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…In a recent study, when PE extracts solubilized in ethanol and lactic acid were analyzed after in vitro simulated digestion steps, most of the phenolic compounds, including quercetin, kaempferol, apigenin, and luteolin, could not be detected at the intestinal stage, with the recovery of pinocembrin and trans -cinnamic acid at 43 to 50 % and 62 to 74 %, respectively [ 5 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although propolis is commercially available in different formulations such as capsules, powders, sprays, and drops, its acceptance by consumers and wider application in food products are limited due to its low water solubility, poor stability, strong and unpleasant taste, and odor. Additionally, the low bioaccessibility of phenolic compounds in propolis upon digestion has been reported previously [3][4][5]. The bioaccessibility of a phytochemical is the fraction released from the food matrix during digestion in a form accessible for absorption in the small intestine or biotransformed by the gut microbiota.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…As expected, the BI values of individual phenolics were very low (dark brown) for free PE, and the highest BI values for almost every phenolic compound were attained for L2-PE2 liposomes, except for kaempferol, which was similar to those of the other two samples. In a recent study, when PE extracts solubilized in ethanol and lactic acid were analyzed after in vitro simulated digestion steps, most of the phenolic compounds, including quercetin, kaempferol, apigenin, and luteolin, could not be detected at the intestinal stage, with the recovery of pinocembrin and trans-cinnamic acid at 43 to 50 % and 62 to 74 %, respectively [5].…”

Section: In Vitro Simulated Digestionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…In this study, we aimed to enhance the loading of propolis into liposomes at higher concentrations (2 and 4 %, w/v) with the use of two different surfactants. There were some studies about the in vitro digestion of propolis extracts collected from different regions [ 4 , 24 ], prepared by different solvents [ 5 , 25 ], and propolis encapsulated in spray-dried particles [ 7 , 26 ], in freeze-dried gum Arabic [ 27 ], in cyclodextrin particles [ 28 ], and in starch nanoparticles [ 29 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Propolis-loaded liposomes: characterization and evaluation of the in vitro bioaccessibility of phenolic compounds

Karadag,

Saroglu

2024

ADMET DMPK

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Background and purpose: Propolis has low water solubility, poor stability, and limited bioaccessibility of phenolic constituents when subjected to in vitro digestion. To overcome these drawbacks, the liposomal encapsulation method can be employed. Experimental approach: Soybean phosphatidylcholine lecithin mixed with Tween 80 (T80) and ammonium phosphatides (AMP) was used to produce propolis extract (PE)-loaded liposomes. The mean particle size, zeta potential, encapsulation efficiency values, and transmission electron microscopy analysis were used to characterize liposomes. Individual phenolics were determined for digested and nondigested propolis-loaded liposomes and propolis extract. Key results: Tween 80 incorporation reduced the size of unloaded liposomes, whereas AMP inclusion yielded larger liposomes. In both formulations, PE loading significantly increased the size and reduced the zeta potential values and homogeneity of the size distribution. In free PE, the most bioaccessible polyphenols were phenolic acids (3.20 to 5.63 %), and flavonoids such as caffeic acid phenethyl ester, galangin, pinobanksin, and pinocembrin (0.03 to 2.12 %) were the least bioaccessible. Both liposomal propolis provided significantly higher bioaccessibility of phenolic compounds. The liposomes with T80 and AMP in their compositions recovered 52.43 and 185.90 % of the total amount of phenolic compounds in the nondigested samples, respectively. The liposomes containing AMP not only exhibited high solubility for PE but also provided protection to the phenolic compounds during in vitro digestion. Conclusion: Liposomal encapsulation could be a promising approach to improving the solubility and stability of PE in digestive fluids, making it suitable for the delivery of propolis in oral formulations.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: In Vitro Simulated Digestionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Propolis-loaded liposomes: characterization and evaluation of the in vitro bioaccessibility of phenolic compounds

Karadag,

Saroglu

2024

ADMET DMPK

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“…The selectivity of natural extraction solvents may not be proper for the desired phenolic composition in the PE (Kubiliene et al, 2018;Sagdic et al, 2020). Even though glycerin does not have an ADI value, it has been observed that its potential to dissolve propolis is considerably less than ethanol The adverse effects of propylene glycol consumption have been reported previously (Atayoglu et al, 2023;Bakkaloglu & Arici, 2019;Sagdic et al, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The evaluation of L‐arginine solution as a solvent for propolis extraction: The phenolic profile, antioxidant, antibacterial activity, and in vitro bioaccessibility

Mergen Duymaz,

Duz,

Ozkan

et al. 2024

Food Science & Nutrition

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Ethanol has been widely used for the extraction of propolis. Due to its certain disadvantages, there has been an ongoing search to find alternative non‐ethanolic extraction solvents. This study aimed to compare the phenolics, antioxidant, and antibacterial activity of propolis extracts prepared with 70% ethanol (EWE), propylene glycol (PGE), and L‐arginine solution (BE). All extracts were subjected to an in vitro simulated digestion procedure, and the phenolic profile of non‐digested and digested samples was determined by using LC–MS/MS. Additionally, the change in total phenolic (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), and antioxidant capacities were determined at each digestion phase. TPC and TFC of non‐digested propolis extracts had similar values, although BE showed higher antioxidant capacity (p < .05). The amount of TPC reached or transformed at the intestinal stage was higher for BE and PG compared to EWE. BE also provided the highest antioxidant capacity assay in digested samples. The most common phenolics were pinocembrin, pinobanskin, galangin, and CAPE in non‐digested extracts. However, their concentration was drastically reduced by digestion, and their recovery (R%) ranged from 0% to 9.38% of the initial amount detected in the non‐digested extracts. Chrysin was the most bioaccessible flavonoid in all extracts. Among phenolic acids, the highest R% was determined for trans‐cinnamic acid (22.14%) from BE. All extracts showed in vitro inhibitory activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. This study suggests that an L‐arginine solution could be used as an alternative solvent to ethanol and propylene glycol for propolis extraction.

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The effect of extraction conditions on the chemical profile of obtained raw poplar propolis extract

Miłek,

Bonikowski,

Dżugan

2024

Chem. Pap.

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Various conditions of extraction were applied to obtain active extracts of raw poplar-type propolis. The extraction efficiency of traditional maceration was evaluated in terms of used solvent: ethanol (70 and 96% v/v), acetone (pure and 70%), propylene glycol, glycerol (50%), water and water with extraction modifiers: PEG 400 and lecithin. For obtained extracts, the total amounts of extracted phenolics and flavonoids as well as antioxidant activity were compared. For the most active extracts, the profile of volatile organic compounds with the use of GC × GC–MS and selected polyphenols content by HPLC–DAD was compared. To increase the activity of water propolis, extract ultrasound and microwave-assisted extraction were applied and obtained water extracts were compared regarding the main polyphenolic compounds content quantified by HPLC method. The recovery of 70% ethanolic extraction and the effect of the extension of extraction time were also examined by the HPTLC method. Based on conducted analyses, 70% ethanolic extract was found as the most aromatic and bioactive, followed by pure acetone and polypropylene glycol extracts. Compared to the classic maceration, water extraction assisted by microwaves and ultrasounds did not provide a higher extraction yield. In the case of 70% ethanolic extraction, the 5-day duration is recommended which allows to recovery of close to 80% of bioactive components of raw propolis.

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Evaluating bioactivity and bioaccessibility properties of the propolis extract prepared with l-lactic acid: An alternative solvent to ethanol for propolis extraction

Cited by 5 publications

References 43 publications

Propolis-loaded liposomes: characterization and evaluation of the in vitro bioaccessibility of phenolic compounds

Propolis-loaded liposomes: characterization and evaluation of the in vitro bioaccessibility of phenolic compounds

The evaluation of L‐arginine solution as a solvent for propolis extraction: The phenolic profile, antioxidant, antibacterial activity, and in vitro bioaccessibility

The effect of extraction conditions on the chemical profile of obtained raw poplar propolis extract

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