Evaluating benefits of low-cost household digesters for rural Andean communities

Garfí, Marianna; Ferrer‐Martí, Laia; Velo, Enrique; Ferrer, Ivet

doi:10.1016/j.rser.2011.08.023

Cited by 79 publications

(71 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…; or 5 hours per week [38] Figure 3. Schematics of biomethane production by anaerobic digestion of renewable feedstocks and pathways of the biomethane utilization.…”

Section: Applications Utilizations and Dividends Of Biomethane From Cprmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cassava Residues Could Provide Sustainable Bioenergy for Cassava Producing Nations

Aso¹,

Teixeira²,

Achinewhu³

2018

Cassava

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Many cassava producing nations lack suitable energy availability and sufficiency. Just 10% of the population in Haiti receive power from the national electric grid. The proportion is 7% for Mozambique. In both countries, deforestation is extensive due to dependence on wood and charcoal for 70 and 85% of energy requirement respectively. In the case of Ghana, although biomass accounts for 64% of national energy supply, the dependence on primary biomass energy sources like wood and charcoal has led to increased loss of biodiversity, soil erosion and health problems. Prospects for the use of cassava peeling residues as a source of biomethane to mitigate these constraints have received little attention. In this chapter, the advantages and benefits of biomass energy, along with the potential for cassava as a feedstock and rationale for anaerobic digestion are highlighted. Depending on the quantity of cassava root processed by individual countries, the energy recovered from cassava peeling residues could satisfy up to 100% of national energy requirements.

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“…; or 5 hours per week [38] Figure 3. Schematics of biomethane production by anaerobic digestion of renewable feedstocks and pathways of the biomethane utilization.…”

Section: Applications Utilizations and Dividends Of Biomethane From Cprmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cassava Residues Could Provide Sustainable Bioenergy for Cassava Producing Nations

Aso¹,

Teixeira²,

Achinewhu³

2018

Cassava

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“…Most organic substrates already have alternative uses: kitchen and gardening residues are fed to animals and dung from overnight shelters is used as organic fertilizer. While animal feeding should not be rivalled, AD slurry retains fertilizer properties and the use of animal dung for AD poses thus no resource competition and may provide economic benefits from crop production [13]. Cow dung is the most important animal substrate as it is available in almost all households and on average contributes almost 60% of the per capita biogas potential.…”

Section: Potential Biogas Contribution To Energy Needs and Firewood Smentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Only few studies on AD at elevations above 2500 m a.s.l. exist in developing countries with well documented examples from the Andes: In Peru at 3300 m a.s.l., tubular digesters have operated at psychrophilic conditions in households with 3-5 members produced 0.5 Nm 3 biogas (0.1-0.2 Nm 3 per capita and day) with a methane content of over 60% from 9 to 12 kg fresh cow dung per day, which covered 40-60% of cooking fuel needs [12,13]. Of 261,000 small-scale AD installed through BSP-Nepal until 2012, less than 1% was installed in remote hilly regions and the mountain ecological belt above 2500 m a.s.l.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential of biogas production to reduce firewood consumption in remote high-elevation Himalayan communities in Nepal

Groß

Zahnd²,

Adhikari

et al. 2017

Renew. Energy Environ. Sustain.

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Abstract. Remote communities in the Nepalese mountains above 2500 m a.s.l. belong to the most precarious in the world. Inhabitants struggle for the minimum in terms of safe drinking water, food and sanitation. Reliable, affordable and clean energy for cooking, room heating and warm water for personal hygiene is often lacking and dependency on firewood very high. The remoteness and unlikeliness of electric grid connection in the coming decades make a diversified energy supply from renewable local resources crucial. Small-scale anaerobic digestion (AD) of organic substrates has been used for long in rural areas of developing countries to produce biogas as energy source and recover residue as organic fertilizer. AD is challenging at high elevations due to year around lower ambient temperatures and lower annual biomass production per area compared to lowlands. Nevertheless, examples of operational household AD exist even above 3000 m a.s.l. in the Andes. Here we compare firewood consumption with biogas potential from organic substrates in a community with 39 households at 3150 m a.s.l. in Jumla District, Nepal. In five households with varying numbers of members and animals kept, mean firewood use and its energy content per capita (cap) and day (d) were 2.1 kg or ca. 25 MJ in spring and 2.3 kg or ca. 28 MJ in winter. Easily available substrates include cow, sheep and horse dung from overnight shelters and human excrements from pit latrines, amounting on average to 1.7 kg wet weight (kg ww ) cap À1 d À1 in spring and 2.2 kg ww cap À1 d À1 in winter. Adjusted to normal conditions (Nm 3 at 0°C, 1013.15 hPa), these substrates yielded on average 0.08 Nm 3 cap À1 d À1 biogas in spring and 0.12 Nm 3 cap À1 d À1 in winter (35-60% methane content) in biochemical methane potential (BMPs) tests at 36°C. This could provide up to 60% of basic cooking needs on average and up to 75% in a "typical" household in terms of members and animals kept. Of the overall thermal energy needs including also room heating ca. 10-20% could be covered, substituting 0.1-0.4 (mean: 0.2) kg firewood cap À1 d À1 . If only animal dung and human excrements are considered, no competition for resources arises as residues can still be used as organic fertilizer. This study supports the design and introduction of planned pilot digesters integrated into on-going community development including pit latrines for substrate availability, greenhouses as possible way of thermal insulation, and planned pico-hydropower plants to use excess electricity during the night for digester heating.

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“…2017 stages is the anaerobic biodigestion (HALMEMAN et al, 2014;. It is a process decomposition of organic matter by different groups of microorganisms in the absence of free molecular oxygen which results in two main sub-products: biogas and biofertilizer (KLEINSTEUBER 2014;SILVA et al, 2013;SUÁREZ et al, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Their use contributes to the decrease of the surface water, soil and groundwater pollution, caused by the inadequate disposal of SM and also reduces the emission of greenhouse gases, mainly the methane gas (GARFÍ et al, 2012;MANNING;HADRICH, 2015). Furthermore, it reduces the sources of proliferation of disease-causing vectors (TIETZ; SOARES; SANTOS, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biogas Production Potential in Anaerobic Digestion of Swine Manure With Different Solid Fraction Concentrations and Temperatures

et al. 2017

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Evaluating benefits of low-cost household digesters for rural Andean communities

Cited by 79 publications

References 24 publications

Cassava Residues Could Provide Sustainable Bioenergy for Cassava Producing Nations

Cassava Residues Could Provide Sustainable Bioenergy for Cassava Producing Nations

Potential of biogas production to reduce firewood consumption in remote high-elevation Himalayan communities in Nepal

Biogas Production Potential in Anaerobic Digestion of Swine Manure With Different Solid Fraction Concentrations and Temperatures

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