Evaluating antimicrobial resistance in the global shrimp industry

Abstract

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a growing threat to global public health, and the overuse of antibiotics in animals has been identified as a major risk factor. With high levels of international trade and direct connectivity to the aquatic environment, shrimp aquaculture may play a role in global AMR dissemination. The vast majority of shrimp production occurs in low‐ and middle‐income countries, where antibiotic quality and usage is widely unregulated, and where the integration of aquaculture with family livelihoods offers many opportunities for human, animal and environmental bacteria to come into close contact. Furthermore, in shrimp growing areas, untreated waste is often directly eliminated into local water sources. These risks are very different to many other major internationally‐traded aquaculture commodities, such as salmon, which is produced in higher income countries where there are greater levels of regulation and well‐established management practices. Assessing the true scale of the risk of AMR dissemination in the shrimp industry is a considerable challenge, not least because obtaining reliable data on antibiotic usage is very difficult. Combating the risks associated with AMR dissemination is also challenging due to the increasing trend towards intensification and its associated disease burden, and because many farmers currently have no alternatives to antibiotics for preventing crop failure. In this review, we critically assess the potential risks the shrimp industry poses to AMR dissemination. We also discuss some of the possible risk mitigation strategies that could be considered by the shrimp industry as it strives for a more sustainable future in production.

Total replacement of fishmeal with poultry by-product meal affected the growth, muscle quality, histological structure, antioxidant capacity and immune response of juvenile barramundi, Lates calcarifer

“…Similarly, the utilization of PBM above 50% affected the welfare of some marine fish species [25,26,[30][31][32]. Imbalanced dietary essential amino acid (EAA) particularly methionine and lysine in PBM based diets are one of the major causes resulting growth depression in many fish [28]. The methionine requirement for barramundi was reported to be 2.2% [11].…”

A chromosome-level assembly of the black tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon) genome facilitates the identification of novel growth-associated genes

“…Currently, aquaculture provides the planet with more than 50 percent of fish products consumed by humans, making it one of the world’s fastest-growing food sectors with an annual growth rate of 5.8 percent since 2010 (FAO, 2018). The penaeid marine shrimps (Family Penaeidae) are the predominately cultured group (Thornber et al, 2019), with an annual production exceeding 4.5 million tons (Anderson, 2019). In this group, the Pacific white shrimp ( Litopenaeus vannamei ) and black tiger shrimp ( Penaeus monodon ) are the most dominant species cultured, accounting for 53% and 9% of total crustacean production, respectively (FAO, 2018).…”

A New Trial for Bioformation of Antimicrobial Agent Controlling Multi Drug Resistant Microorganism

“…Scientists all over the world are endeavoring continuously to search for new antibiotic compounds in order to tackle the serious consequences and dynamic nature of antibiotic resistance. The term of Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is used to describe microorganisms that can resist the effects of drugs and chemicals designed to kill them (Thornber et al, 2020 ;Vela Gurovic and Olivera, 2017).…”