Evaluating a novel formula for noninvasive estimation of arterial carbon dioxide during post‐resuscitation care

Abstract

Background Controlling arterial carbon dioxide is paramount in mechanically ventilated patients, and an accurate and continuous noninvasive monitoring method would optimize management in dynamic situations. In this study, we validated and further refined formulas for estimating partial pressure of carbon dioxide with respiratory gas and pulse oximetry data in mechanically ventilated cardiac arrest patients. Methods A total of 4741 data sets were collected retrospectively from 233 resuscitated patients undergoing therapeutic hypothermia. The original formula used to analyze the data is PaCO2‐est1 = PETCO2 + k[(PIO2 − PETCO2) − PaO2]. To achieve better accuracy, we further modified the formula to PaCO2‐est2 = k1*PETCO2 + k2*(PIO2 − PETCO2) + k3*(100‐SpO2). The coefficients were determined by identifying the minimal difference between the measured and calculated arterial carbon dioxide values in a development set. The accuracy of these two methods was compared with the estimation of the partial pressure of carbon dioxide using end‐tidal carbon dioxide. Results With PaCO2‐est1, the mean difference between the partial pressure of carbon dioxide, and the estimated carbon dioxide was 0.08 kPa (SE ±0.003); with PaCO2‐est2 the difference was 0.036 kPa (SE ±0.009). The mean difference between the partial pressure of carbon dioxide and end‐tidal carbon dioxide was 0.72 kPa (SE ±0.01). In a mixed linear model, there was a significant difference between the estimation using end‐tidal carbon dioxide and PaCO2‐est1 (P < .001) and PaCO2‐est2 (P < .001) respectively. Conclusions This novel formula appears to provide an accurate, continuous, and noninvasive estimation of arterial carbon dioxide.

Association among blood pressure, end-tidal carbon dioxide, peripheral oxygen saturation and mortality in prehospital post-resuscitation care

“…Depending on the source, normocapnia differs between 4.0 to 6.7 kPa. 41 Furthermore, comparing EtCO 2 values to paCO 2 values is challenging, although some models have been suggested. 42 …”