Evaluated activation cross sections of longer-lived radionuclides produced by deuteron induced reactions on natural titanium

Abstract

Selected charged particle induced reactions are used to monitor the actual parameters of bombarding particle beams. One of these reactions is nat Ti(d, x) 48 V for which recommended cross section data are available in one of the databases of the International Atomic Energy Agency (http://www-nds.iaea.or.at/medical/). This database contains all together 22 monitor reactions for practical applications covering energy up to 100 MeV depending on the reactions. In the case of the nat Ti(d, x) 48 V reaction recommended data are given in the 9-50 MeV energy interval because at the time of creation not precise enough experimental data were available to recommend values from threshold up to 9 MeV. In this work we measured the excitation function in this relevant low energy range, collected new experimental data and suggest high confidence recommended values for the missing low energy part of the monitor excitation function.

Investigation of (d,x) nuclear reactions on natural ytterbium up to 24MeV

“…The IAEA recommended nat Ti(d,x) 48 V (E d = 23.56 MeV, r = 222.6 mb) [35] and 27 Al(d,x) 24 Na (E d = 23.02 MeV, r = 58.2 mb) [36] monitor reactions were used to determine the beam intensity. The nat Ti(d,x) 48 V reaction was used to obtain the final beam current, whereas the 27 Al(d,x) 24 Na reaction was used for a cross checking.…”

Excitation functions for production of 46 Sc by deuteron and proton beams in nat Ti: A basis for additional monitor reactions

“…-Publications in journals where data for 46 Sc production were tabulated and mostly are available in the EXFOR database (8 datasets, [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15]). -Values for 46 Sc production that are not published and were obtained in studies by our group where the nat Ti(d,x) 48 V reaction was used as monitor and where the experimental circumstances are described in a journal article (16 publications, [16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31]).…”

“…For references [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15] the uncertainties to be mentioned in the database were taken from the original publications or, if information was not available or incomplete, adapted using the contributing elements as stated in previous sentence From the identified 24 datasets, relevant for statistical fitting and construction of recommended cross section values, we propose to deselect at the beginning of the process 5 sets [8,9,11,23,25] because of systematic outlying values or obvious energy shift.…”

“…Andres [8] Chen [9] Jung [10] Takacs [11] Hermanne [12] Takacs [13] Gagnon [14] Khandaker [15] Tarkanyi [16] Tarkanyi [17] Tarkanyi [18] Tarkanyi [19] Tarkanyi [20] Tarkanyi [21] Tarkanyi [22] Tarkanyi [23] Tarkanyi [24] Tarkanyi [25] Tarkanyi [26] Takacs [27] Hermanne [28] Hermanne [29] Ditroi [30] Ditroi [31] TENDL2013 Table 3 Measured cross sections for the nat Ti(p,x) 46 Sc process, unpublished data.…”

Excitation functions of longer lived radionuclides formed by deuteron irradiation of germanium

“…The energy degradation of the bombarding deuteron beam in the irradiated target was calculated by using the STOPPING computer code based on the polynomial approximation method of Andersen and Ziegler [13] and defines the energy scale of the deduced excitation functions. The calculated energy degradation across the stack and the number of incident charged particles per unit time were deduced from comparison with the re-measured excitation functions of the 27 Al(d,x) 24 Na and nat Ti(d,x) 48 V monitor reactions with the corresponding recommended cross section data taken from IAEA -TECDOC 1211 ( [14] and reference [15]). A corrected, average beam current of 49 nA (2% decrease) was deduced, resulting in a good agreement between the recommended and measured excitation functions of the monitor reactions as compared and shown in Fig.…”