Evaluación niveles de iluminación en interiores y cálculo para instalaciones de alumbrado/Evaluation of interior lighting levels and calculation for lighting facilities

Abstract

Siendo la iluminación una forma de energía, es uno de los agentes agresivos de tipo físico que inciden sobre el trabajador, pudiendo causar daños en su salud cuando esté fuera del rango tolerable. La presente investigación tiene como objetivo evaluar el nivel de iluminación de los trabajadores de la construcción dentro del área petrolera en el Oriente Ecuatoriano, mientras realizan sus actividades en oficinas. Se contempló la evaluación higiénica del riesgo físico de la Norma Oficial Mexicana, en cuanto a las condiciones de iluminación en los centros de trabajo, luego el valor obtenido se compara con lo establecido en el decreto ejecutivo 2393. Para el cálculo de iluminación general en instalaciones interiores, se utilizó el método denominado Sistema General o del Factor de utilización, que proporciona una iluminancia media. El resultado promedio de la evaluación dio 458,22 luxes, que se encuentra por debajo del nivel mínimo permisible de 500 luxes para trabajos de diseño, revisión y corrección de planos, de modo que es necesaria la intervención mediante un programa de prevención de riesgos físicos por iluminación, para minimizar el riesgo actual y prevenir futuras lesiones oculares o enfermedades profesionales que puedan presentarse al mantener las condiciones actuales de trabajo.
 Being the lighting a form of energy, it is one of the aggressive agents of physical type that affect the worker, being able to cause damages in his health when he is outside the tolerable range. The objective of this research is to evaluate the level of lighting of construction workers within the oil area in the Ecuadorian Oriente, while carrying out their activities in offices. The hygienic evaluation of the physical risk of the Official Mexican Standard was contemplated, in terms of lighting conditions in the work centers, then the value obtained is compared with that established in executive decree 2393. For the calculation of general lighting in facilities interiors, the method called General System or the Utilization Factor was used, which provides an average illuminance. The average result of the evaluation gave 458.22 luxes, which is below the minimum permissible level of 500 luxes for design work, review and correction of plans, so that intervention is necessary through a program of prevention of physical risks by lighting to minimize the current risk and prevent future eye injuries or occupational diseases that may occur when maintaining current work conditions.
 Palabras clave: NOM-025, evaluación, iluminación, instalaciones alumbrado.
 Keywords: NOM-025, evaluation, lighting, installations lighting.

Artificial Intelligence Model based on Grey Clustering for Integral Analysis of Industrial Hygiene Risk

“…Regarding the lighting conditions in the work centers, the value obtained is compared with what is established in the standards of Executive Decree 2393, where for the calculation of general lighting in interior facilities, the method called General System or the Utilization factor provided average luminance. Likewise, the average evaluation result was 458.22 luxes, which is below the permissible minimum of 500 luxes for design work, revision and correction of plans, so that intervention is necessary through a program to prevent physical risks from lighting [13].…”

“…On the other side, in the study realized by Xingsong, W et al [11], noise measurements were taken and questionnaires were conducted to assess the psychological impact and effects of noise on workers, which showed that workers are exposed to noise in excess of 85 dB. In the study conducted by Machado, M et al [13], a methodology was applied to evaluate the risk of lighting in the workshops of an oil area where there was evidence of low lighting levels, as in this study, the hydraulic workshop presented the same situation. The methodology of the mentioned study mentioned with the methodology applied in our study is different in that only the physical agent of illumination can be evaluated, it does not apply for more criteria of integral risk evaluation as in the case of Grey Clustering.…”

Efectos adversos por el uso de sustancias químicas en la salud de los trabajadores de la industria de la construcción. Artículo de revisión

“…La exposición a disolventes puede predisponer a la demencia presenil, enfermedades obstructivas respiratorias, bronquitis crónica, neumoconiosis, deficiencia renal y daños en el cristalino. El vapor del xileno provoca irritación ocular, faringe y nasal, y su aspiración puede originar edema pulmonar, neumonía química, hemorragia y depresión del sistema nervioso central (31).…”