Evaluación multivariante de la calidad del agua en la cuenca del Utcubamba (Perú)

Índice de calidad de agua en la microcuenca altoandina del río Chumbao, Andahuaylas, Apurímac, Perú

“…esto se debe a que el río Chumbao recibe descarga de materia orgánica residual sólida y líquida, incrementándose los niveles de nitratos, fosfatos, temperatura, turbidez, STD, alcalinidad, dureza, pH, conductividad, que muestran alta correlación entre ellos (Tabla 5); ello se evidencia más aún por el incremento del nivel de coliformes a lo largo del recorrido del río, evidenciándose contaminación por actividades antrópicas (Vieira et al, 2012;Peeler, Opsahl, & Chanton, 2006;Linden et al, 2015), que es característico de ríos que atraviesan zonas urbanas (Cotorro, Gamarra, & Barboza, 2018;Dhawde et al, 2018;Abbas & Hassan, 2018 10.1016/j.watres.2012.03.028…”

Morphometric Prioritization, Fluvial Classification, and Hydrogeomorphological Quality in High Andean Livestock Micro-Watersheds in Northern Peru

“…In that regard, Chachapoyas is noteworthy for being an exceptionally suitable area for dairy and beef cattle farming, to such an extent that 42.22% of the economically active population is dedicated to the aforementioned activities [68]. However, as a result of poor agricultural practices, unsustainable logging, urban expansion, and the construction of road infrastructure, these high Andean ecosystems are being degraded [23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38].…”

“…Bacteriological parameters were analyzed in the most dynamic river areas of "GC" and "BC" types of HAL-MW in Ventilla (Figure 4b) by Chávez et al [33], and indicated that this area is considerably contaminated by the presence of cattle near riverbanks and city wastewater discharge. Studies of macroinvertebrates, and the physicochemical and microbiological properties of water in other HAL-MWs of Amazonas, such as Alto Imaza [32], El Chido and Allpachaca-Lindapa [34], Chinata, and Gocta [36] and Shocol [35], show that quality decreases as a consequence of anthropic pressure in "GC", and "BA". Lastly, Ibisate et al [47] indicate that the loss of hydrogeomorphological quality is closely linked to the sociodemographic pressure caused by the proliferation of artificial uses in the channel and the flood plain, but also by changes in basin land uses.…”

“…In these micro-basins, cattle and sheep grazing tend to impact large geographical areas and produce geomorphic repercussions through trampling, which leads to soil compaction, accelerated runoff and gullying, riverbed vegetation disturbance, riverbed chiseling and detachment, the disruption of protective soil crusts, and the formation of terraces [18]. There are various ecological studies [23] of the deforestation of forests [24][25][26][27], weeds [28], the physicochemical properties of the soil [29][30][31], macroinvertebrates, and the physicochemical and microbiological properties of water [32][33][34][35][36], as evidence of the degradation of the high Andean livestock micro-basins in the Amazon region (in northern Peru). However, the hydrogeomorphological approach has been scarcely studied [37,38], as in all of Peru [39].…”

Uso de los macroinvertebrados como indicadores de la calidad de agua en ecosistemas lóticos en el Perú: una revisión

“…Los cuerpos de agua en el Perú son ecosistemas con alto grado de contaminación. Las actividades de ganadería, agricultura, producción acuícola, entre otras, producen residuos que contaminan y disminuyen su calidad del agua (Corroto et al, 2016). Los diferentes residuos sólidos o líquidos presentes en los ecosistemas hídricos, a causa de la mala disposición de las poblaciones más cercanas a dicho sistema, generan también impactos negativos, ya que alteran los procesos ecológicos (Gonzales et al, 2014).…”