Evaluación morfoagronómica de 19 materiales de Chenopodium quinoa en el Departamento de Boyacá

Abstract

La quinua (Chenopodium quinoa Wild.) es un cultivo de grano que se cultiva en la región de los Andes desde los valles centrales de Colombia hasta la zona sur de Chile. En Colombia, es un cultivo de pequeña escala, donde el conocimiento de su variabilidad es reducido. Dentro de este contexto, esta investigación tuvo como objetivo principal realizar una caracterización morfológica a 19 materiales de quinua en el departamento de Boyacá utilizando 27 descriptores morfológicos. La estimación de la variación morfológica se hizo mediante el análisis de correlación, componentes principales y conglomerados. Los resultados muestran que los coeficientes de variación más altos se encontraron en los caracteres cuantitativos. Los análisis de componentes principales explicaron más del 70% de la variación observada siendo las características presencia y color de axilas, presencia y color de estrías, altura de la planta, número de panojas, rendimiento de semillas por planta y peso de 1000 granos. Los conglomerados mostraron una distribución laxa de todos los individuos evaluados con rendimientos y peso de grano promedios, y la relación entre la quinua y la especie relacionada kiwicha. La caracterización morfológica de estos materiales pone de manifiesto la existencia de variabilidad que puede ser utilizada en programas de conservación y mejoramiento genético de la especie en el departamento de Boyacá.

Interpopulation characterization of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) from different agroecological environments of Colombia

“…Plant height was within the ranges found in other quinoa characterization studies in Colombia (Morillo et al, 2020). Panicle lengths between 22 and 40 cm have been reported (López et al, 2012) and in this study panicles between 12 and 46 cm were found.…”

“…The results found in the quantitative variables were similar to those reported in other studies of genetic diversity in quinoa. Tukey's test (p≤0.05) showed differences between and within the evaluated morphotypes for all quantitative variables, especially those associated with yield, results similar to those found in morphoagronomic characterization studies in Boyacá (Morillo et al, 2020;Manjarres et al, 2021 a, b;Morillo et al, 2022b).…”

“…The results showed a significant correlation between AP and DT for all populations, as was also observed by Madrid et al (2018) in the evaluation of morphological characteristics related to the improvement of quinoa yield. LP and DP were positively associated with AP, thus showing that taller individuals develop longer panicles, as found by Farooq et al (2018) and Morillo et al (2020). Correlation studies are an important step in quinoa improvement programs since the information that is obtained is useful for estimating the correlated response to selection for the formulation of selection indices (Afiah et al, 2018;Al-Naggar et al, 2018).…”

“…studies on quinoa (Curti et al, 2014;Infante et al, 2018;Farooq et al, 2018). The morphoagronomic characterization of Blanca de Jericó and Piartal quinoa genotypes in the six evaluated municipalities showed high intrapopulation phenotypic variability that depended on the agroclimatological conditions of each site (Infante et al, 2018;Morillo et al, 2020), mainly as the result of the fact that quinoa is a rustic crop with a broad agroecological adaptation that can tolerate different types of stress and that is a food security crop for the Andean community since with farmers who have maintained and selected seeds for generations (Alvarez-Flores et al, 2018).…”

“…). In Boyacá, Morillo et al (2020) evaluated 19 quinoa materials in the department of Boyacá with 27 morphological descriptors. Other studies have reported a mixture of the genotypes in the crops (Manjarres et al, 2021a(Manjarres et al, , 2021b, the results of these studies showed that the evaluated genotypes present great variability in both qualitative and quantitative characteristics, which can be used for the selection of materials (Morillo et al, 2022a, b).…”