Evaluación geológica, geotécnica y ambiental de los fenómenos de volcanismo de lodos en la Costa Caribe Colombiana

Se analizan la morfología y evolución de los diapiros y volcanes de lodo en el Margen Caribeño Colombiano (MCC), emplazados en secuencias sedimentarias transgresivas del Cretácico al Neógeno. Son estructuras extrusivas por argilocinesis que muestran la liberación de sedimentos sobrepresionados y fluidizados por aguas y/o hidrocarburos que intruyen hasta la superficie. A partir de la modelación analógica, se concluye que los condicionantes del origen y geometría de los mecanismos del diapirismo dependen de: i) la menor densidad de los niveles generadores infrayacentes en comparación con las secuencias suprayacentes y ii) de las débiles tasas de sedimentación de las secuencias que los post-datan. La exhumación progresiva del Cinturón Sinú-San Jacinto a partir del Oligo-Mioceno, debido a la convergencia tectónica transpresiva dextral entre las placas Sudamérica y Caribe, generó una barrera al transporte sedimentario hacia el norte del paleo río Cauca. Esta interrupción impidió su descarga directa, forzándolo a coalescer hacia el río Magdalena. Se propone un provincialismo del diapirismo a partir de las diferencias en las tasas de progradación de sedimentos más densos sobre secuencias pelíticas asociadas con conspicuos tipos de plegamientos intensos: a) al norte (Cinturón San Jacinto), compresional tangencial con ejes de pliegues doblemente buzantes y escalonados subparalelamente al litoral Caribe y b) al sur (Cinturón Sinú), gravitatorio con amplios sinclinales en forma de cubetas y anticlinales estrechos. El mejor conocimiento de la evolución 4D del diapirismo en el MCC contribuye en la definición del potencial de los sistemas petroleros infrayacentes y en la prevención de riesgos ambientales en las maniobras exploratorias.

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El diapirismo argilocinético del Margen Caribeño Colombiano: una revisión de sus condicionantes sedimentarios aplicados a la exploración de hidrocarburos

Rossello

Osorio

López-Isaza

2022

Boletín de Geología

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Detachment levels of Colombian caribbean mud volcanoes

López- Ramos,

González Penagos,

Rincón Martínez

et al. 2022

CT&F Cienc. Tecnol. Futuro

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Regional analysis of mud volcanoes demonstrates the regional extension of these processes in Northern Colombia. Mud volcanoes are active systems that manifest the characteristics of the underlying sedimentary sequences on the surface, as well as the presence of hydrocarbons. These may which provide information about the oil systems and the characterization of new migration paths. New data acquired during field geology studies, along with the evaluation of acquired aerial images by dron, allowed to observe variations in terms of morphology and neotectonic process, being distinctive between mud volcanoes formed in different structural domains. Mud volcanoes formed in areas of basement without thrust faults (back stop zone) are usually circular, connected to the basement by regional faults. Other mud volcanoes formed in older and younger deformed belts tend to present ellipsoidal shapes, with drainages patterns that suggest local stress fields associated with regional strike slip movements of major faults. The analysis of U/Pb ages in detrital zircons extracted from mud volcanoes and outcropping sedimentary sequences in the Colombian Caribbean, together with the analysis of foraminiferal and palynomorph faunas, suggest different levels of detachment. Clay mineralogy and geochemistry indicate that mud volcanoes formed in the back stop and the Northern part of the San Jacinto deformed belt have sludge material originated in sedimentary sequences with contributions from continental basement rocks, while the mud volcanoes located in the central and Southern parts of the studied area tend to show sediments provided from deepest stratigraphic levels, derived from less evolved magmatic sources (dioritic basements). Gas and water analysis obtained from studied mud volcanoes suggest that the old deformed belt, Paleocene accretionary wedge and back stop areas, have evidences of thermogenic oil systems, while in the domain of the younger deformed belt the tendency is to indicate evidences of microbial process.

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Evaluación geológica, geotécnica y ambiental de los fenómenos de volcanismo de lodos en la Costa Caribe Colombiana

Cited by 2 publications

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El diapirismo argilocinético del Margen Caribeño Colombiano: una revisión de sus condicionantes sedimentarios aplicados a la exploración de hidrocarburos

El diapirismo argilocinético del Margen Caribeño Colombiano: una revisión de sus condicionantes sedimentarios aplicados a la exploración de hidrocarburos

Detachment levels of Colombian caribbean mud volcanoes

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