Evaluación de seguridad alimentaria y nutricional en familias del distrito de Los Morochucos en Ayacucho, Perú

Abstract

Objetivos. Evaluar la seguridad alimentaria y nutricional en familias del distrito Los Morochucos en Ayacucho, Perú. Materiales y métodos. Estudio basado en interpretación de la información disponible de fuentes oficiales y de encuestas realizadas para levantar la información no registrada en ellas. El muestreo fue estratificado y bietapico considerando 128 familias con al menos un niño menor de 12 años. Las variables fueron el nivel de seguridad alimentaria, percepción familiar sobre su situación de disponibilidad y acceso de sus alimentos, lactancia materna exclusiva, alimentación durante episodios de diarrea, frecuencia de consumo de alimentos, consumo de agua segura, lavado de manos, servicios higiénicos adecuados, estabilidad en el suministro de alimentos, estado nutricional y de salud, desnutrición crónica, anemia y parasitosis en niños de 6 meses a tres años. Resultados. El 39,1% de familias tiene seguridad alimentaria, 37,5% inseguridad alimentaria sin hambre, 18,8% inseguridad alimentaria con hambre, y 4,7% inseguridad alimentaria con hambre severa. Tienen aceptable consumo de calorías, pero no tienen una dieta balanceada. No cuentan con agua clorada. Durante los episodios de diarrea, 72% de madres alimenta al niño con mates o caldos. Se perdieron gran cantidad de sus cosechas el año 2011. Los niños de 6 meses a tres años presentan 34,5% de desnutrición crónica, 42,4% de anemia y 61,6% parasitosis. Conclusiones. La inseguridad alimentaria y nutricional en este distrito de Ayacucho es considerable debiéndose priorizar la ejecución de proyectos de inversión con el fin de contribuir el desarrollo de la comunidad.

Food and nutritional security in the villages Nuevo Tambo de Mora and Alto El Molino, Ica, Peru

“…In addition, the results of AEM and NTM are lower than the values found by Pillaca & Villanueva (2015); in the district of Los Morochucos (Ayacucho), where it was obtained that 96.4% of mothers practiced EB up to 6 months. The explanation of this percentage difference would be related to geo-social factors, considering the fact that mothers in AEM and NTM (coastal area) could not always comply with the practice of breastfeeding, because their children stay at home while they work, which is opposite to the context of the study cited in Ayacucho (mountain area), where mothers take their children with them (on their backs) during their daily work.…”

Emerging themes in food security: environmental justice, extended families and the multiple roles of grandmothers

“…Food insecurity studies Latin America largely focus on examining frequency, risk factors and outcome data [ 21 , 23 , 24 , 26 , 28 , 31 , 50 , 53 – 57 ], with few qualitative studies examining subjective experiences [ 15 , 20 , 21 ]. In this study, low income mothers of small children shared passages of their daily life shaped by the need to manage scarce resources.…”

“…Another stressor in our study was water insecurity, defined as having restrictions in the access to clean water that is estimated to affect more than 600 million people in the world [ 63 ]. A study showed that in a community of Ayacucho, Perú, 39% of households had food insecurity and none had access to safe drinking water [ 28 ]. Kirkpatrick and Tarasov [ 64 ] reported that low income families give up basic household services to purchase food.…”

“…Food insecurity in most of Latin America is more common than in the United States where rates ranged from 12.7% countrywide to 32.8% among households living under the poverty line in 2015 [ 22 ]. Food insecurity was present in 81% of 794 low income households with children in Quito, Ecuador [ 23 ]; in 76% of 7187 households in the state of Nayarit, Mexico [ 24 ]; in 75% of 443 households in a Nicaraguan population sample [ 25 ]; in 67% of 6591 households with members over 59 years of age in Mexico [ 26 ]; in 49% of 3920 urban households and 45% of rural households in a Brazilian nationally representative sample [ 27 ]; and in 39% of 128 households of Los Morochucos district of Perú [ 28 ].…”

How effective and efficient are social programs on food and nutritional security?

“…Another important factor affecting biological use is hand washing. Pillaca and Villanueva () did find in the district Los Morocuchos (Ayacucho, mountain area, southern Peru) that only 74.2% of mothers washed their hands before preparing food, 48.4% before eating, 41.4% before feeding their children and 37.5% after going to the toilet. The percentage of families who always washed their hands with water and soap was 7.8%, which is an important factor to consider in future preventive strategies for intestinal‐infectious diseases.…”