Evaluación de prácticas de desmonte selectivo y clausuras temporales en sistemas degradados del Chaco árido (Argentina)

Coirini, Rubén; Karlin, Marcos Sebastián; Llaya, Gabriela; Sánchez, Sofía; Contreras, Ana; Zapata, Ricardo

doi:10.15359/rca.51-2.4

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…The different quadrats where the retention experiment was carried out were characterized by different degrees of vegetation complexity, which in turn was strongly associated with land use regime: the ecosystem type with the most intense long‐term biomass removal (open shrubland) was the one showing the simplest vertical structure, lowest ground cover and a dominance of grasses and S. sellowii in the surface layer. These changes in vegetation structure and ground cover type are consistent with those reported as the consequences of long‐term intense biomass removal by grazing and logging in the semiarid Chaco (Bregaglio, Karlin, & Coirini, ; Cabido et al., , ; Coirini et al., ; Conti & Díaz, ; Conti et al., ; Cuchietti et al., ; De Casenavea, Pelottob, & Protomastro, ; Gardner et al., ).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Not gone with the wind: Vegetation complexity increases seed retention during windy periods in the Argentine Semiarid Chaco

Lipoma

Cuchietti

Gorné

et al. 2019

J Vegetation Science

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Questions:We experimentally studied whether different degrees of vegetation structural complexity, developed under different land-use regimes, affected the retention of seeds in situ in the semiarid Chaco forest. We sought to answer the following questions: (a) Does vegetation complexity in interaction with climatic conditions affect seed retention on the soil surface? (b) Do seeds with contrasting traits show the same retention pattern?Location: Chancaní, Northwestern Córdoba, Argentina. Methods:We run a field experiment to test seed retention across 16 field sites differing in physiognomy and land-use regime. We used artificial seeds with contrasting traits to simulate extreme morphologies found among dominant species of the Chaco forest (large-flattened and small-spherical seed types). We placed artificial seeds in 10 quadrats along a transect at each site and recorded the number of seeds retained after 25 days.We performed the experiment in the same season in two consecutive years. Through a Principal Component Analysis of a matrix of 320 survey plots by 6 structural variables, we extracted two major multivariate axes summarizing vegetation complexity.Results: Vegetation complexity was strongly related to land-use regimes, and a more complex vegetation structure increased seed retention, particularly in the first year of the experiment, when wind velocity was twice the value of the historical mean.The same general retention pattern was observed for different seed types with contrasting size and shape, but the absolute amount of retention was lower for large-flattened than small-spherical seeds. Conclusion: Vegetation complexity interacting with variable climatic conditions -es-pecially wind velocity-and seed morphology increased seed retention on the soil surface. Because seed dynamics is known to play an essential role in vegetation recovery, manipulation of soil cover should be a key factor in vegetation resilience in these systems. K E Y W O R D Sland use, resilience, secondary dispersal phase, seed morphology, seed retention, semi-arid Chaco, vegetation complexity, wind dispersal | 543

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Not gone with the wind: Vegetation complexity increases seed retention during windy periods in the Argentine Semiarid Chaco

Lipoma

Cuchietti

Gorné

et al. 2019

J Vegetation Science

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“…However, given the limitations of the present work, this result does not imply that protected areas with extreme environments such as those mentioned above, such as large salt flats or areas of low mountain ranges; do not contribute to the conservation of biodiversity, especially when we refer to the protection of endemic, rare or relict species typical of these places and very well adapted to adverse conditions for most of the representative individuals of this ecoregion (Coirini et al, 2010;Curto, 2009), in addition to being one of the areas with the least physiognomic transformations due to the characteristics of developing in soils with extreme conditions of salinity and aridity (Giménez et al, 2008).…”

Section: Species Richness Patterns and Conservation Gapsmentioning

confidence: 70%

Conservation gaps identification through patterns of species richness established from species niche models of mammals in a sector of Chaco Seco ecoregion

Rivas,

Speciale

2023

Pap. Avulsos Zool.

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The identification of biodiversity conservation priority sectors that are not formally protected, have an essential part of conservation strategies and goals at global and local scale. Ecological niche modeling is a relevant and important tool for analysis and distribution of species, also is used to determine the biodiversity patterns through the regions. The main objective of this work was to identify the sites with high biodiversity patterns in a sector of Chaco Seco ecoregion that haven’t been protected with environmental legislation. Through biodiversity sampling with foot transects, camera traps and interviews, it was registered the presence of large and medium mammals in Santiago del Estero Province. Biodiversity pattern maps were then developed from potential distribution models (SDMs) of 5 mammalian species selected for being relevant for conservation. To define zones that could be characterized like conservation gaps, pattern maps were contrasted with protected areas layers and legal schemes of land use planning and also, protected forest. For the SDM, 171 records were used, 43 for M. gouazoubira, 40 for P. concolor, 20 for M. trydactila, 43 on P. tajacu and 25 on C. wagneri. Three models were used to make the biodiversity patterns, one of these, Fuzzy union, were used for the subsequent calculation. The total area of high biodiversity increases to 39.486 km², which represents the 29% of provincial area. In consequence the 81% remaining represents the conservation gaps areas for that sector of the ecoregion.

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“…Cattle consume the limited amount of forage that the dry woodlands offer mainly in the summer wet season (Blanco et al, 2005; Guevara et al, 2009). Dry Chaco rangelands lack natural surface freshwater bodies due to the high actual evapotranspiration relative to precipitation, the flat regional landscape and the generally high infiltration rates of the soils (Coirini et al, 2010; Jobbágy et al, 2008; Marchesini et al, 2015). Unlike the adjoining Pampa plains that have a more humid climate with fresh water tables close to the surface, Dry Chaco rangelands host deep and salty groundwater over most of the territory (Jobbágy et al, 2008; Pasig, 2005; Weins, 2013).…”

Section: Dry Chaco Rangelands Production Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

South American Dry Chaco rangelands: Positive effects of cattle trampling and transit on ecohydrological functioning

Magliano

Breshears

Murray

et al. 2023

Ecological Applications

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Livestock production in drylands requires consideration of the ecological applications of ecohydrological redistribution of water. Intensive cattle trampling and the associated increase of surface runoff are common concerns for rangeland productivity and sustainability. Here, we highlight a regional livestock production system in which cattle trails and trampling surrounding an artificial impoundment are purposely managed to enhance redistribution and availability of water for cattle drinking. Based on literature synthesis and field measurements, we first describe cattle production systems and surface water redistribution in the Dry Chaco rangelands of South America, and then develop a conceptual framework to synthesize the ecohydrological impacts of livestock production on these ecosystems. Critical to this framework is the pioshere-a degraded overgrazed and overtrampled area where vegetation has difficulties growing, usually close to the water points. The Dry Chaco rangelands have three key distinctive characteristics associated with the flat sedimentary environment lacking fresh groundwater and the very extensive ranching conditions: (1) cattle drinking water is provided by artificial impoundments filled by runoff, (2) heavy trampling around the impoundment and its adjacent areas generates a piosphere that favors runoff toward the impoundment, and (3) the impoundment, piosphere, and extensive forage areas are hydrologically connected with a network of cattle trails. We propose an ecohydrological framework where cattle transit and trampling alter the natural water circulation of these ecosystems, affecting small fractions of the landscape through increased runoff (compaction in piosphere and trails), surface connectivity (convergence of trails to piosphere to impoundment), and ponding (compaction of the impoundment floor) that operate together making water harvesting and storage possible. These effects have likely generated a positive water feedback on the expansion of livestock in the region with a relatively low impact on forage production. We highlight the role of livestock transit as a geomorphological agent capable of reshaping the hydrology of flat sedimentary rangelands in ways that can be managed positively for sustainable ranching systems. We suggest that the Dry Chaco offers an alternative

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Evaluación de prácticas de desmonte selectivo y clausuras temporales en sistemas degradados del Chaco árido (Argentina)

Cited by 4 publications

References 7 publications

Not gone with the wind: Vegetation complexity increases seed retention during windy periods in the Argentine Semiarid Chaco

Not gone with the wind: Vegetation complexity increases seed retention during windy periods in the Argentine Semiarid Chaco

Conservation gaps identification through patterns of species richness established from species niche models of mammals in a sector of Chaco Seco ecoregion

South American Dry Chaco rangelands: Positive effects of cattle trampling and transit on ecohydrological functioning

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