Evaluación de lodos de coagulación de agua cruda tratada con Moringa oleífera para uso agrícola

Abstract

Coagulation-flocculation is a physical-chemical process responsible for producing the largest amount of sludge in the purification of natural raw water. Conventionally, aluminum sulfate or alum has been used as a coagulant. However, disposal of the sludge produced has been problematic for the environment due to excess aluminum. Currently, the convenience of using natural coagulants such as seed extracts from Moringa oleifera (MO) is being studied, although, the properties of sewage sludge produced and its possible reuse are unknown. In this paper the physical-chemical, nutritional and dangerous characteristics from MO sludge were evaluated by using standard methods to verify its potential use in agricultural soils. Results indicated that pH, electrical conductivity, ion exchange capacity, organic matter and micronutrients from sludge were suitable for application to soils with agricultural potential; but deficiency of macronutrients and presence of fecal coliforms limits it to be used as soil improver and not as fertilizer. Sludge stabilization with hydrated lime at doses greater than or equal to 3 % was effective to ensure the elimination of pathogenic microorganisms and to obtain a Class A sludge, unrestricted for agricultural use and suitable for acid soils.

Phytotoxicity of Natural and Synthetic Coagulants by Zea mays Lethality Assays in Treated Waters from the Magdalena River, Colombia

“…The solution was mixed with magnetic stirring for 1 hour and filtered under vacuum with cellulose filter paper. Filtrate was labeled as a salt coagulant extract with a 10,000 mg L -1 concentration and kept refrigerated at 4 °C until application 23 .…”

Determinación preliminar de productos secundarios de cloración (SPD), en aguas crudas del rio Magdalena tratadas con coagulantes naturales y sintéticos.

“…La solución se mezcló con agitación magnética durante 1 hora y se filtró al vacío con papel filtro de celulosa. El filtrado se rotuló como extracto coagulante salino con concentración de 10,000 mg L -1 y se conservó refrigerado a 4°C hasta su aplicación (Feria et al, 2016 ).…”

“…Se utilizó un equipo de test de jarras marca EyQ F6-300-T equipado con seis paletas giratorias e igual número de vasos de precipitados de 1000 mL. La mezcla rápida fue de 200 rpm durante 1 minuto, seguido por la mezcla lenta de 40 rpm durante 20 minutos y con un tiempo de sedimentación de 30 minutos (Feria et al, 2016) .…”

“…Se utilizó un blanco para verificar la actividad de los coagulantes naturales (AC) y la remoción de la turbidez (RT) en todos los ensayos de Jarras. Esto fue calculado usando la siguientes ecuaciones (Feria et al, 2018;Rodiño et al, 2015 ;Feria et al, 2016 ;Antov et al, 2012):…”

Use of Seawater and Moringa Oleifera Seeds for Turbidity Removal in Water Treatment

“…Turbidity elimination in water is possible thanks to use of synthetic products, which are often expensive and require high doses to reduce high turbidity of raw water during rainy seasons; thus, demonstrating low profitability in conventional purification treatment [2]. On the other hand, continuous use of chemical substances in water treatment is currently being associated with public health and environmental problems [3], [4]. In contrast to synthetic coagulants, use of natural coagulants of plant origin for water purification dates to many centuries ago.…”