Evaluación de la toxicidad aguda <em>in vivo</em> del extracto etanólico y acuoso de <em>Calea urticifolia</em>

Abstract

Resumen: Calea urticifolia es reconocida por su valía en el tratamiento de enfermedades relacionadas con procesos anti-inflamatorios. Sin embargo, a pesar de la corroboración científica de su efecto tradicional, no existe evidencia de estudios toxicológicos de la especie de amplio uso en la medicina tradicional Xi´iuy del estado de San Luis Potosí, México. Este trabajo consideró valorar la toxicidad aguda de los extractos etanólico y acuoso de las hojas de Calea urticifolia. Se utilizaron ratas Wistar de ambos sexos, para determinar la DL 50 mediante el Método Alternativo de Clases por vía oral. Las dosis fijas evaluadas fueron 50, 100, 300, 1,000, 2,000 y 5,000 mg/kg. Se evaluó cambios en la ganancia de peso corporal y parámetros de funcionalidad renal y hepática. Los resultados mostraron una DL 50 > 1,000 mg/kg para el extracto etanólico y > 5,000 mg/kg para el extracto acuoso, sin signos y síntomas de toxicidad aguda, además no presentó alteraciones en la ganancia de peso corporal. La concentración sérica de urea, creatinina y transaminasas (TGP y TGO) no mostró cambios significativos con respecto al grupo control. Por lo anterior se clasifica a la especie como una sustancia de categoría 4 en su extracto etanólico y 5 en el extracto acuoso, de acuerdo GHS (Globally Harmonized Classification System). Palabras clave: Asteraceae, medicina tradicional, toxicidad aguda.Abstract: Calea urticifolia is recognized for its value in the treatment of diseases associated with inflammatory processes; however, despite the scientific corroboration of its traditional effect, there is no evidence of toxicological studies of the species widely used in traditional medicine Xi'iuy of San Luis Potosi, Mexico. This study considered to assess the acute toxicity of ethanolic and aqueous extracts of the leaves of Calea urticifolia. Both sexes of Wistar rats were used to determine the LD 50 using the alternative oral acute toxic class method. The fixed doses evaluated in this study were 50, 100, 300, 1,000, 2,000, and 5,000 mg/kg. We evaluated changes in body weight gain and parameters of renal and liver functionality. The results showed a LD 50 > 1,000 mg/kg for the ethanolic extract and > 5,000 mg/kg for the aqueous extract, without signs and symptoms of acute toxicity, in addition no alterations in body weight gain were detected. The serum concentration of urea, creatinine and serum transaminase levels showed no significant changes compared with the control group. Based in these results, the species is classified in the category 4 in its ethanolic extract and as category 5 in the aqueous extract, accordint to GHS (Globally Harmonized Classification System).

The genus Calea L.: A review on traditional uses, phytochemistry, and biological activities

“…Torres‐Rodríguez, García‐Chávez, Soto‐Peña, Aradillas‐García, & Cubillas‐Tejeda, () investigated in vivo acute toxicity of ethanol and aqueous extracts of the leaves of C. urticifolia . Six fixed doses were tested for aqueous extract (50; 100; 300; 1,000; 2,000; and 5,000 mg·kg −1 ) and four for ethanol extract (50; 100; 300; and 1,000 mg·kg −1 ).…”

“…These data are very important, once that Xi'iuy ethnicity uses 0.044 mg/kg per day of ethanol extract or 0.276 mg/kg per day of aqueous extract for treating one person of 70 kg. According to obtained LD 50 data, these values were considered toxic (Torres‐Rodríguez, García‐Chávez, Soto‐Peña, et al ).…”