Evacuation of crawlers and walkers from corridor through an exit

Nagai, Ryoichi; Fukamachi, Masahiro; Nagatani, Takashi

doi:10.1016/j.physa.2005.11.031

Cited by 182 publications

(110 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…The data of [18] and [17] are shifted to higher flows in comparison with the data of [12], [16] and our data. The height of the flows in the experiments of Müller and Nagai can be explained by their use of much higher initial densities which amount to ρ ini ≈ 5 m −2 .…”

Section: Comparison With the Data Of Other Experimentssupporting

confidence: 72%

New Insights into Pedestrian Flow Through Bottlenecks

Seyfried

Passon

Steffen

et al. 2009

Transportation Science

433

270

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Capacity estimation is an important tool for the design and dimensioning of pedestrian facilities. The literature contains different procedures and specifications which show considerable differences with respect to the estimated flow values. Moreover do new experimental data indicate a stepwise growing of the capacity with the width and thus challenge the validity of the specific flow concept. To resolve these differences we have studied experimentally the unidirectional pedestrian flow through bottlenecks under laboratory conditions. The time development of quantities like individual velocities, density and individual time gaps in bottlenecks of different width is presented. The data show a linear growth of the flow with the width. The comparison of the results with experimental data of other authors indicates that the basic assumption of the capacity estimation for bottlenecks has to be revised. In contradiction with most planning guidelines our main result is, that a jam occurs even if the incoming flow does not overstep the capacity defined by the maximum of the flow according to the fundamental diagram.

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Section: Comparison With the Data Of Other Experimentssupporting

confidence: 72%

New Insights into Pedestrian Flow Through Bottlenecks

Seyfried

Passon

Steffen

et al. 2009

Transportation Science

433

270

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Nagai et.al. found an average speed of 0.73 m/s for a single civilian crawler (approximately 2.4 ft/s) [36]. As expected, the firefighters crawled significantly slower than the civilians due to obscured vision and the presence of noise.…”

Section: Summary Of Resultssupporting

confidence: 60%

Visualization of auditory masking for firefighter alarm detection

Farmer

Abbasi

Wilson

et al. 2014

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America

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An essential piece of firefighter equipment is the Personal Alert Safety System (PASS), which emits an alarm when a firefighter has been inactive for a specified period of time and is used to find and rescue downed firefighters. The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) firefighter fatality reports suggest that there have been instances when the PASS alarm is not audible by other firefighters on the scene. This paper seeks to use acoustic models to measure the sound pressure level of various signals throughout a structure. With this information, a visual representation will be created to map where a PASS alarm is audible and where it is masked by noise sources. This paper presents an initial audibility study, including temporal masking and frequency analysis. The results will be compared to auralizations and experimental data. Some other potential applications will be briefly explored.

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“…Experimental research by Mu¨ller [4] and Nagai et al [5] indicated much higher capacities for bottleneck widths varying between 80 cm and 160 cm, namely between 2.29 P/m/s and 3.23 P/m/s. These high values can be explained by the very high densities at the start of the experiments.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emergency Door Capacity: Influence of Door Width, Population Composition and Stress Level

Daamen

Hoogendoorn

2010

Fire Technol

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Abstract. For the new version of the Dutch design guidelines for buildings, a threshold value for the capacity of emergency doors needs to be set. Innovative largescale laboratory experiments have been performed to investigate the capacity of emergency doors during evacuation conditions. This paper focuses in particular on the relation between capacity and the independent variables doorway width, population composition, stress level and presence of an open door. It turned out that only the experiment with the widest doorway (275 cm) resulted in a capacity lower than the capacity from the current design guidelines (2.25 P/m/s). The average observed capacities are for all widths lowest for the lowest stress level and highest for the highest stress level. The population with a greater part of children has the highest capacity (on average 3.31 P/m/s). This is mainly due to the smaller physical size of children compared to adults and elderly, which makes it possible that more children can pass a door at the same time than adults. The lowest capacity (on average 2.02 P/m/s) is found for the experiment with 5% disabled participants. The presence of a door opened in the escape direction in an angle of 90°for a doorway of 85 cm results in a 20% capacity reduction compared to the reference experiment. The open door does not physically narrow the doorway, but it leads to interactions between participants reducing their speed and the corresponding outflow.

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Evacuation of crawlers and walkers from corridor through an exit

Cited by 182 publications

References 21 publications

New Insights into Pedestrian Flow Through Bottlenecks

New Insights into Pedestrian Flow Through Bottlenecks

Visualization of auditory masking for firefighter alarm detection

Emergency Door Capacity: Influence of Door Width, Population Composition and Stress Level

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