“…1 Saline wastewater (brine) production has risen substantially as a consequence of population growth and industrialization. 2,3 Brine management and valorization are becoming an evolving sector of the water/wastewater industry. [4][5][6][7] Brine, also known as Abbreviations: ED, electrodialysis; EDR, electrodialysis reversal; ERD, energy recovery device; HPRO, high-pressure reverse osmosis; MED, multieffect distillation; MLD, minimal liquid discharge; MSF, multi-stage flash distillation; RES, renewable energy sources; RO, reverse osmosis; SEC, specific energy consumption; SP, salt permeation; SR, salt rejection; TDS, total dissolved solids; ZLD, zero liquid discharge.…”