EV Dispatch Control for Supplementary Frequency Regulation Considering the Expectation of EV Owners

Abstract

Abstract-Electric Vehicles (EVs) are promising to provide frequency regulation services due to their fast regulating characteristics. However, when EVs participate in Supplementary Frequency Regulation (SFR), it is challenging to simultaneously achieve the dispatch of the control center and the expected State of Charge (SOC) levels of EV batteries. To solve this problem, in this paper we propose a Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) control strategy, in which an uncertain dispatch is implemented in the control center without detailed EV charging/discharging information. The regulation from the control center is achieved by allocating the regulation task within the frequency regulation capacity (FRC) of EVs. The expected SOC levels of EV batteries are guaranteed by a real-time correction of their scheduled V2G power in EV charging stations. Simulations on an interconnected two-area power system validate the effectiveness of the proposed V2G control in achieving both the frequency regulation and the expected SOC levels of EVs. Index Terms-Electric

A Second-Order Cone Programming Model for Planning PEV Fast-Charging Stations

“…With the fast development of sustainable resources, e.g., wind, photovoltaic and hydro power, adopting PEVs can also significantly reduce the global greenhouse gas emissions [1]. Furthermore, because PEV charging demands are usually flexible, they may provide various power grid services under proper management, e.g., load valley filling [2]- [4], participating energy market [5], [6], promoting renewable power adoption [7], [8], or providing ancillary services [9]- [11]. This will also enhance the sustainability and low-carbonization of future power systems.…”

Distributed Automatic Load-Frequency Control with Optimality in Power Systems

“…Lemma 1. Let (ω * , d * , P * , ψ * ) be an optimal solution of problem (4). Then ω * i = 0 for all i ∈ N , and d * is optimal for problem (3).…”

“…To facilitate theoretical analysis, we consider a system with sufficient capacities so that the inequality constraints (3c, 3d) in the OLC problem (3) can be ignored, which are (4c, 4e) in problem (4). Then the reformulated OLC problem (4) reduces to the following formulation.…”

“…Because controllable loads are ubiquitously distributed in power systems and can respond fast to regulation signals or frequency deviation [2]. There has been a large amount of research effort devoted to frequency regulation provided by controllable loads, including electric vehicles [3], [4], heating, ventilation and air-conditioning systems [5], X. Chen and N. Li are with the School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, USA. Email: (chen xin@g.harvard.edu, nali@seas.harvard.edu).…”

“…The key for achieving these properties is a new reformulation (ref. model (4)) of the optimal load control problem, whose partial primal-dual gradient flow with the variable substitution technique leads to the design of the proposed ALC algorithm. 2) In addition to establishing the global asymptotic convergence of the ALC algorithm, we further prove the global exponential convergence of the reduced ALC algorithm without considering the capacity limits.…”