Eutrophication of aquatic ecosystems: Bistability and soil phosphorus

Carpenter, Stephen R.

doi:10.1073/pnas.0503959102

Cited by 694 publications

(465 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Interference with the global phosphorus and nitrogen cycles Local to regional-scale anthropogenic interference with the nitrogen cycle and phosphorus flows has induced abrupt shifts in lakes (Carpenter 2005) and marine ecosystems (e.g., anoxia in the Baltic sea) (Zillén et al 2008). Eutrophication due to human-induced influxes of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) can push aquatic and marine systems across thresholds generating abrupt non-linear change from, for example, a clear-water oligotrophic state to a turbid-water eutrophic state (Carpenter et al 1999).…”

Section: Stratospheric Ozone Depletionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A safe operating space for humanity

Rockström

Steffen

Noone

et al. 2009

Nature

8,969

5,235

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The article presents a study that investigates on the importance of identifying and quantifying planetary boundaries to prevent human activities in affecting environmental condition. The author states the industrial revolution and advancement in human civilization has caused the unstability of the environmental state that is less conducive for humans to live and affect their health condition. The author notes that planetary boundaries served a control variables to secure the safety of its citizen as well as protect the environment from shifting to dangerous levels. It also cites the different planetary boundaries, along with its impact on climate change and Earth system degradation

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Section: Stratospheric Ozone Depletionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A safe operating space for humanity

Rockström

Steffen

Noone

et al. 2009

Nature

8,969

5,235

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Examples of such catastrophic shifts (also termed critical transitions [12]) are the overgrowth of coral reefs by macroalgae [13,14], unexpected pest outbreaks like boomand-bust cycles of spruce budworm beetles [15] or the abrupt shifts in the composition of pelagic marine communities [16,17]. Similar bifurcation points may also lie behind less dramatic transitions, like the occurrence of algal blooms in lakes due to eutrophication [18], population extinction in deteriorating environments [19] or the elimination of infectious diseases [20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Elevated nonlinearity as an indicator of shifts in the dynamics of populations under stress

Dakos

Glaser

Hsieh

et al. 2017

J. R. Soc. Interface.

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Populations occasionally experience abrupt changes, such as local extinctions, strong declines in abundance or transitions from stable dynamics to strongly irregular fluctuations. Although most of these changes have important ecological and at times economic implications, they remain notoriously difficult to detect in advance. Here, we study changes in the stability of populations under stress across a variety of transitions. Using a Ricker-type model, we simulate shifts from stable point equilibrium dynamics to cyclic and irregular boom-bust oscillations as well as abrupt shifts between alternative attractors. Our aim is to infer the loss of population stability before such shifts based on changes in nonlinearity of population dynamics. We measure nonlinearity by comparing forecast performance between linear and nonlinear models fitted on reconstructed attractors directly from observed time series. We compare nonlinearity to other suggested leading indicators of instability (variance and autocorrelation). We find that nonlinearity and variance increase in a similar way prior to the shifts. By contrast, autocorrelation is strongly affected by oscillations. Finally, we test these theoretical patterns in datasets of fisheries populations. Our results suggest that elevated nonlinearity could be used as an additional indicator to infer changes in the dynamics of populations under stress.

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“…Eutrophication has been a major water quality problem for decades, causing turbid water with high algal biomass, an important characteristic of lake dynamics referred to algal bloom (CARPENTER et al, 1999;CARPENTER, 2005;SCHINDLER, 2006;KAGALOU et al, 2008). In lake research and management, chlorophyll a is the most commonly used surrogate for phytoplankton biomass, and it is a good indicator of algal blooms (DILLON and RIGLER, 1974;MAZUMDER and HAVENS, 1998;WETZEL, 2001;AN and PARK, 2002;PHILLIPS et al, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temporal Coherence of Chlorophyll a during a Spring Phytoplankton Bloom in Xiangxi Bay of Three‐Gorges Reservoir, China

Wang

Cai

et al. 2009

International Review of Hydrobiology

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Algal bloom phenomenon was defined as "the rapid growth of one or more phytoplankton species which leads to a rapid increase in the biomass of phytoplankton", yet most estimates of temporal coherence are based on yearly or monthly sampling frequencies and little is known of how synchrony varies among phytoplankton or of the causes of temporal coherence during spring algal bloom. In this study, data of chlorophyll a and related environmental parameters were weekly gathered at 15 sampling sites in Xiangxi Bay of Three-Gorges Reservoir (TGR, China) to evaluate patterns of temporal coherence for phytoplankton during spring bloom and test if spatial heterogeneity of nutrient and inorganic suspended particles within a single ecosystem influences synchrony of spring phytoplankton dynamics. There is a clear spatial and temporal variation in chlorophyll a across Xiangxi Bay. The degree of temporal coherence for chlorophyll a between pairs of sites located in Xiangxi Bay ranged from -0.367 to 0.952 with mean and median values of 0.349 and 0.321, respectively. Low levels of temporal coherence were often detected among the three stretches of the bay (Down reach, middle reach and upper reach), while high levels of temporal coherence were often found within the same reach of the bay. The relative difference of DIN between pair sites was the strong predictor of temporal coherence for chlorophyll a in down and middle reach of the bay, while the relative difference in Anorganic Suspended Solids was the important factor regulating temporal coherence in middle and upper reach. Contrary to many studies, these results illustrate that, in a small geographic area (a single reservoir bay of approximately 25 km), spatial heterogeneity influence synchrony of phytoplankton dynamics during spring bloom and local processes may override the effects of regional processes or dispersal.

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Eutrophication of aquatic ecosystems: Bistability and soil phosphorus

Cited by 694 publications

References 27 publications

A safe operating space for humanity

A safe operating space for humanity

Elevated nonlinearity as an indicator of shifts in the dynamics of populations under stress

Temporal Coherence of Chlorophyll a during a Spring Phytoplankton Bloom in Xiangxi Bay of Three‐Gorges Reservoir, China

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