Eutrophication: impacts of excess nutrient inputs on freshwater, marine, and terrestrial ecosystems

Smith, Val H.; Tilman, David; Nekola, Jeffrey C.

doi:10.1016/s0269-7491(99)00091-3

Cited by 2,370 publications

(1,437 citation statements)

References 126 publications

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“…Carpenter et al 1998;Smith et al 1999). Eutrophication is generally associated with negative impacts on the environment, such as toxic algal blooms, degradation of habitats, oxygen deficiency and fish kills (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Has eutrophication promoted forage fish production in the Baltic Sea?

Eero

Andersson

Almroth‐Rosell

et al. 2016

Ambio

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Reducing anthropogenic nutrient inputs is a major policy goal for restoring good environmental status of coastal marine ecosystems. However, it is unclear to what extent reducing nutrients would also lower fish production and fisheries yields. Empirical examples of changes in nutrient loads and concurrent fish production can provide useful insights to this question. In this paper, we investigate to what extent a multi-fold increase in nutrient loads from the 1950s to 1980s enhanced forage fish production in the Baltic Sea. We use monitoring data on fish stock dynamics covering the period of the nutrient increase, combined with nutrient concentrations from a 3-dimensional coupled physical-biogeochemical ocean model. The results suggest that nutrient enrichment enhanced the biomass level of forage fish by up to 50 % in some years and areas due to increased body weight of fish. However, the trends in fish biomasses were generally decoupled from changes in nutrient concentrations.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Has eutrophication promoted forage fish production in the Baltic Sea?

Eero

Andersson

Almroth‐Rosell

et al. 2016

Ambio

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show abstract

“…In China, approximately 53 % of lakes suffer from eutrophication or hyper-eutrophication (Zhou et al 2001;Tao et al 2013;Zhu et al 2013b;Zhu et al 2015). The phenomenon of nutrient over enrichment has also caused problems in Europe and North America leading to dramatic deterioration of lake water quality and unfavorable secondary internal nutrient enrichment (Smith et al 1999;Søndergaard et al 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of phosphorus forms in lake macrophytes and algae by solution 31P nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy

Feng

Zhu

et al. 2015

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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Debris from aquatic macrophytes and algae are important recycling sources of phosphorus (P), which can result in continuing blooms of algae by recycling bioavailable P in the eutrophic lakes. However, knowledge of forms of P in aquatic macrophytes and algae and their contribution to internal loads of P in lakes is limited. Without such knowledge, it is difficult to develop appropriate strategies to remediate and or restore aquatic ecosystems that have become eutrophic. Therefore, in this work, P was extracted from six types of aquatic macrophytes and algae collected from Tai Lake of China and characterized by use of solution 31 P-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. When extracted by 0.5 M NaOH-25 mM EDTA, extraction recovery of total P(TP) and organic P(P o ) exceeded 90 %. Concentrations of P o in algae and aquatic macrophytes were 5552 mg kg −1 and 1005 mg kg −1 and accounted for 56.0 and 47.2 % of TP, respectively. When P o , including condensed P, was characterized by solution 31 P-NMR P o in algae included orthophosphate monoesters (79.8 %), pyrophosphate (18.2 %), and orthophosphate diester (2.0 %), and P o in aquatic macrophytes included orthophosphate monoesters (90.3 %), pyrophosphate (4.2 %), and orthophosphate diester (5.5 %). Additionally, orthophosphate monoesters in algal debris mainly included β-glycerophosphate (44.1 %), α-glycerophosphate (13.5 %), and glucose 6-phosphate (13.5 %). Orthophosphate monoesters in aquatic macrophytes mainly included β-glycerophosphate (27.9 %), α-glycerophosphate (24.6 %), and adenosine 5′ monophosphate (8.2 %). Results derived from this study will be useful in better understanding nutrient cycling, relevant eutrophication processes, and pollution control for freshwater lakes.

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“…N and P) as a result of anthropogenic activities (Howarth, 2008;Peñuelas et al, 2013;Turner and Rabalais, 1994). Increasing watershed nutrient export has caused eutrophication, harmful algal blooms and other negative environmental effects in coastal waters around the world (Anderson et al, 2008;Billen and Garnier, 2007;Davidson et al, 2014;Paerl et al, 2011;Smith et al, 1999). Riverine export of dissolved nutrients (especially N) from Asian watersheds has been predicted to continue to increase through 2030 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling increased riverine nitrogen export: Source tracking and integrated watershed-coast management

Yan

Chen

et al. 2015

Marine Pollution Bulletin

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The global NEWS model was calibrated and then used to quantify the long term trend of dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) export from two tributaries of Jiulong River (SE China). Anthropogenic N inputs contributed 61-92% of river DIN yield which increased from 337 in 1980s to 1662 kg N km −2 yr −1 in 2000s for the North River, and from 653 to 3097 kg N km −2 yr −1 for the West River. North River and West River contributed 55% and 45% respectively of DIN loading to the estuary. Rapid development and poor management driven by national policies were responsible for increasing riverine N export. Scenario analysis and source tracking suggest that reductions of anthropogenic N inputs of at least 30% in the North River (emphasis on fertilizer and manure) and 50% in the West River (emphasis on fertilizer) could significantly improve water quality and mitigate eutrophication in both river and coastal waters.

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Eutrophication: impacts of excess nutrient inputs on freshwater, marine, and terrestrial ecosystems

Cited by 2,370 publications

References 126 publications

Has eutrophication promoted forage fish production in the Baltic Sea?

Has eutrophication promoted forage fish production in the Baltic Sea?

Characterization of phosphorus forms in lake macrophytes and algae by solution 31P nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy

Modeling increased riverine nitrogen export: Source tracking and integrated watershed-coast management

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