Eutrophication and sediment–water exchange of total petroleum hydrocarbons and heavy metals of Hashilan wetland, a national heritage in NW Iran

Abstract

The heavy metal(loid)s concentrations in water and sediments were analyzed in the Hashilan wetland to assess the spatial distribution, pollution status, fate, partitioning, and ecological risk and also to identify the heavy metal(loid)s sources in sediments using PMF (Positive Matrix Factorization) and APCs-MLR (absolute principal component score-multiple linear regression) receptor models. According to the pollution indices, (Ni, Cu, Cr, Mo), and (Zn, Cr, and Cu) are considered the most important pollutants in sediments and water, respectively. Ni, Cr, and Cu are the main contributors to ecological risks in sediments of some stations. The potential ecological risk assessment proposed low ecological risk in water of the study area. Higher distribution coefficient (Kp) values of Ni, Cr, Mn, Cu, Co, Pb, As, and Zn indicated the majority of these heavy metals present in the sediments; whereas, the majority of Cd concentration occurs in water. PMF and APCs-MLR results indicated the natural sources were the main factors affecting the concentrations of Ni, Cr, Zn, Al, Co, Fe, Pb, As, Cd and somewhat Cu. Mixed natural and agricultural activities are the main sources of Mo, and somewhat Cu. According to the results, there is low pollution of TPH (total petroleum hydrocarbons) in the sediment samples. Also, phosphate (PO42−) and nitrate (NO3−) concentrations were below the recommended permissible limits at all sampling sites except the S8 station for NO3−.

Assessment of Water Quality Index in Anzali Lagoon using Multivariate Analysis

“…During past decades, the sedimentation surveys in the Anzali Lagoon showed significant increases (implying mounting erosion in the watershed). The erosion was partly responsible for the higher level of TDS in all sites too 17 .…”

Anthropogenic determination and risk assessment of total petroleum hydrocarbons of ground water within Orji auto repair workshops, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria

“…In human health risk evaluation, the hazard index and overall cancer risk were found to be a source of concern. This implies that children will eventually experience a range of health issues, including cancer [8]. Rapid industrialization [9] and the improper disposal of petroleum hydrocarbon wastes in the environment creates a modification http://eaht.org in the chemical and physical properties of the surrounding soils and causes underground pollution when these contaminants leached into the underground water aquifers [10].…”