Eustasy, Climate and Shore-Displacement: The Stockholm Perspective

Åse, Lars-Erik

doi:10.2307/521322

Cited by 6 publications

(1 citation statement)

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“…This means that the area constituted a brackish-water archipelago until Lake Milaren was cut off from the regional water circulation in the Baltic Sea, causing the basin to become dominated by fresh water. This event took place either around AD 1300 (c. 650 '4C yrs BP;Ase, 1994) or at the beginning of the thirteenth century (c. 850 "'C yrs BP;Miller and Robertsson, 1982). It is believed that the isolation process started earlier, perhaps already in the eighth to ninth centuries (c. 1300 to 1150 'IC yrs BP; Miller and Robertsson, 1982).…”

Section: Geology and Archaeological Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental changes and human impact as recorded in a sediment sequence offshore from a Viking Age town, Birka, southeastern Sweden

et al. 2002

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The Viking Age town of Birka, which existed between AD 750 and 975, on the island of Björkö in the Mälar archipelago of the Baltic Sea, is known as the oldest centre used for large-scale international trading in Sweden. Birka had a strong defence: town rampart, hillfort and a water palisade. Studies of lithology, and microand macroremains in a sedimentary sequence accumulated offshore from Birka, outside the water palisade, revealed a stratigraphically distinct refuse stratum, referred to as the Birka Layer. We argue that the bulk material of the Birka Layer emanates from human activities in the town, e.g., latrine cleanings, cuttings of shore vegetation, cleaning of ditches and storage areas, and domestic animal dung. Organic remains from vegetation and animals, deposited during activities on the ice offshore from the town, e.g., winter markets, may also have contributed to the composition. The material constituting the Birka Layer started to accumulate after the construction of the protecting water palisade. In the Birka Layer and the underlying clay gyttja, there seems to be a succession of five activity phases recorded during the Birka period. After the initial establishment of the town, an expansion took place, followed by a retrogression. The most intense phase with culminating activities is registered prior to abandonment of the site, which approximately coincides with the onset of the extended final isolation process of Lake Mälaren (AD 1000-1300). The sailing routes to Birka from the south and east became too shallow and were finally cut off by the emerging thresholds. After the abandonment of Birka, the town area was utilized for cultivation and cattle-breeding.

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Section: Geology and Archaeological Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental changes and human impact as recorded in a sediment sequence offshore from a Viking Age town, Birka, southeastern Sweden

et al. 2002

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Shell gravel deposits on the Aland Islands, southwestern Finland, with special reference to the molluscan assemblages

Carlsson¹

2002

SBOR

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Shore displacement and possible littorina transgressions as inferred from shell gravel deposits on the åland islands, sw finland

Carlsson

2003

Geografiska Annaler: Series A, Physical Geography

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Carlsson, R., 2003: Shore displacement and possible Littorina transgressions as inferred from shell gravel deposits on the Åland Islands, SW Finland. Geogr. Ann., 85 A (2): 205-209.ABSTRACT. 14 C age determinations were made on mollusc shells from ten shell gravel deposits on the Åland Islands, SW Finland. The results imply that the deposits were formed continuously or, less likely, in connection with transgressions. This interpretation was reached as the age of the shells is correlated with their elevation in the landscape. The age of some deposits conforms to the age of major transgressions. In one case the mussels, when alive, lived on an esker-like ridge. When dead they were first redeposited by waves to their present location, and later covered by a 5 m thick layer of beach sand and gravel, eroded from the top of the ridge. For one of the deposits, the deposition rate was calculated to about 3-4 (2.29-10) mm/year, which is in agreement with a previous record made by the author. IntroductionShell gravel deposits are common features in the Alandian landscape and are often prominent due to their violet colour caused by shells of blue mussels. In a recent paper (Carlsson 2002) I presented a model of how shell gravel deposits may have formed in connection with shore displacement. However, I also drew attention to the fact that many of the investigated deposits were located at elevations of 20-25 m a.s.l., suggesting that these might be a result of the Littorina V-VI transgressions of Hatakka and Glückert (2000). In order to verify this, ten new 14 C age determinations were made in the autumn of 2001.

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Eustasy, Climate and Shore-Displacement: The Stockholm Perspective

Cited by 6 publications

References 0 publications

Environmental changes and human impact as recorded in a sediment sequence offshore from a Viking Age town, Birka, southeastern Sweden

Environmental changes and human impact as recorded in a sediment sequence offshore from a Viking Age town, Birka, southeastern Sweden

Shell gravel deposits on the Aland Islands, southwestern Finland, with special reference to the molluscan assemblages

Shore displacement and possible littorina transgressions as inferred from shell gravel deposits on the åland islands, sw finland

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