European urban development: Sustainability and the role of housing

Tosics, Iván

doi:10.1023/b:joho.0000017707.53782.90

Cited by 81 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 5 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Nevertheless, it is certain that all these compo-nents of the physical environment should be complemented with environmental, economic and social approaches to establish a complex system. Although in the Central and Eastern European literature, there are several good studies on large prefabricated housing estates focusing on economic and social aspects, also covering Budapest (Egedy 2000, Csizmady 2004, Tosics 2004, Molnár 2013; still, urban and architectural evaluation is lacking. (Table 1)…”

Section: Methods: Past Present and Tomorrowmentioning

confidence: 99%

Budapest’s large prefab housing estates: Urban values of yesterday, today and tomorrow

Benkő¹

2015

Hstud

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In Budapest, one third of the population lives in large prefabricated housing estates. Therefore, this Modern heritage of the Communist period is one of the key issues of sustainable urban development. The majority of scientifi c studies on mass housing focus on economic and social aspects, so this research intends to approach the subject from the built-up environment. Taking the people's needs and Budapest's specifi c situation in relation to the challenges of sustainability as a starting point, the paper attempts to use the back-casting method based on social, economic and environmental trends. Defi ning a theoretically desirable future for this dominant type of urban housing, the analysis works backwards to understand their principal historic turning points. What are the values of large prefabricated housing estates? What were they, and what could they be? How can this modern and open urban form be sustained? What elements of the existing built environment will disappear, and what can be adapted in the transition process? By introducing three different scales -city, neighborhood and building, along with their subcategories -it is possible to recognize the effects of changing socio-economic conditions upon the built context and indicate problem-oriented, locally-minded interventions.Keywords: housing estates, urban renewal, Budapest, sustainable urban neighborhood, assessment indicators, urban history One of the biggest transformations of urban social fabric in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) came about through the construction of large prefabricated housing estates. In Hungary, the mass housing policy utilizing prefabricated technology was initiated with the help of the fi rst fi fteen-year housing policy 1961-75 and the second fi ve-year-plan development project 1961 -65 (Körner 2006. In the politically and economically divided Europe of that time, professional refl ection on modern housing and planning solutions remained absolutely international. France, the United Kingdom, Scandinavian countries and the Soviet Union were principal reference points for the Hungarian stakeholders. Following guidelines fi rst from the International Congresses of Modern Architecture (CIAM), which operated between 1928-59 (for example, the La Sarraz Declaration from 1928, and the Athens Charter from 1933), then recommendations by Team 10, as the

show abstract

Section: Methods: Past Present and Tomorrowmentioning

confidence: 99%

Budapest’s large prefab housing estates: Urban values of yesterday, today and tomorrow

Benkő¹

2015

Hstud

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Housing is one of the most important public policies affecting urban development and, as such, it has a significant potential to contribute to sustainability (Tosics 2004). Various aspects of housing construction, design, use and demolition can have significant impacts on the environment (Huby 1998).…”

Section: The Importance Of Housing For Sustainable Development Indicamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As will be shown below, housing is linked to sustainability in a number of important ways. For example, various aspects of the location, construction, design, management/maintenance and use of housing can have significant negative effects on the environment (Tosics 2004;Winston 2007). However, housing is one of the more neglected aspects of sustainability and the availability of housing indicators in international SD indicator sets is extremely limited, despite relatively advanced SD policies which refer to the importance of housing (UNCED 1992;WCED 1987).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Sustainable Housing in the Urban Context: International Sustainable Development Indicator Sets and Housing

2007

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Higher densities have been associated with: lower consumption of natural resources, transportation energy savings, a reduction in expenditures for infrastructure and other public services, and sustainable developments (see e.g., Ewing, 1994;Tosics, 2004;Burchell et al, 2005). While traditional growth controls and other local level regulations have been shown ineffective in promoting higher densities and in fact tend to promote lower density developments (Levine, 1999;Pendall, 1999;Chakraborty et al, 2010), state-level growth management policies are being established as a counteractive measure with high expectations for inducing higher densities (Carruthers, 2002b;Downs, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parsing density changes: an outcome-oriented growth management policy analysis

Kim

Deal

Chakraborty

2012

J Hous and the Built Environ

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Although a considerable number of studies have examined the effectiveness of growth management programs in curbing sprawl and increasing aggregate densities, less attention has been paid to understanding how these noted density improvements are realized. In this paper, we assess the mechanisms that underlie changes in aggregate population densities and empirically examine detailed density changes under various growth management regimes in the U.S. Our county-level statistical analysis using recent U.S. Census products and land use change data sets, finds that: a) states with proactive growth management programs do tend to experience relative density gains, but not in jurisdictions with restrictive local land use regulations and b) the marginal density gains appear to be attributable in large part to smaller housing vacancy rates and housing price escalations. Not surprisingly, our findings suggest that local structures are critical for achieving desired outcomes. Given the critical role of local action, the realization of compact development requires a tightly woven and integrated policy that not only makes logical sense at state levels, but can be followed and implemented at the local level.

show abstract

European urban development: Sustainability and the role of housing

Cited by 81 publications

References 5 publications

Budapest’s large prefab housing estates: Urban values of yesterday, today and tomorrow

Budapest’s large prefab housing estates: Urban values of yesterday, today and tomorrow

Sustainable Housing in the Urban Context: International Sustainable Development Indicator Sets and Housing

Parsing density changes: an outcome-oriented growth management policy analysis

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About