“…Security governance has been conceptualised as non-hierarchical interaction between different types of actors that are formally or informally institutionalised and share a joint goal (Webber et al 2004). The concept has been applied to different empirical contexts, most often the European Union (EU), but remain undeveloped theoretically (Kirchner and Sperling 2007, Wagnsson et al 2009, Christou et al 2010. Krahmann (2003) makes a distinction between government and governance Á roughly characterised by ideal types of centralisation/integration or fragmentation/ differentiation Á and provides an analytical framework in which the presence of either is analysed according to seven dimensions; the geographical scope of policymaking (which may consist of different actors/levels), the functional scope of policymaking (the extent to which issue areas are part of a single system and authority), distribution of resources (who controls them and what does the coordination look like), interests (common or diverse interests), norms (supporting or questioning the authority of the state), decision-making (authority organised around a democratic government or horizontally around various actors and levels) and policy implementation (centralised or decentralised) (Krahmann 2003, p. 12).…”