European Union Common Security and Defence Policy Operations

Need for Digitalisation to Provide Security?

“…73 In 2020, the European Commission highlighted that for any future success, cooperation among the civilian, diplomatic, and law enforcement practices would be expected to bring an added value to all the concerned actors. 74 And although a certain level of cooperation had already existed, 75 further expansions would be necessary, though. In particular, the EU should explore other options lying in its possession, such as the PESCO (Permanent Structured Cooperation) project that includes the Cyber Rapid Response Teams guaranteeing cyber security and safety for its member states.…”

Conclusions

“…94 Second, one reason that explains the limited role of judicial determinations of shared responsibility is the fact that some actors are not subject to the jurisdiction of the court in question. 95 For example, this was relevant in relation to the Marine I case where the Committee against Torture was unable to assess questions of shared responsibility between Mauritania and Spain as Mauritania had not accepted the competence of the Committee, despite a 'strong potential' for shared responsibility. 96 Likewise, in Hirsi v. Italy, the ECtHR refused to consider the shared responsibility of Italy and Libya due to Libya being a non-contracting state.…”

Responsibility in Connection with the Conduct of Military Partners

“…26 Other examples include the various forms of logistical support that can be provided to a mission, including transporting troops and equipment, providing aerial refuelling, carrying out reconnaissance missions, supplying intelligence, granting over-flight and landing rights, allowing the use of military bases, and escorting ships. 27 With regard to international organizations, practices of assistance have included the lending of NATO assets to EU-led military operations, 28 and the provision of substantial financial support by the EU to a number ofAU-led peacekeeping operations. 29 When providing such military support, partners must take full account of their obligations not to aid or assist in violations of international law by military partners.…”