Introduction
We present the reliability of ultra-high field T
2
* MRI at 7T, as part of the UK7T Network's “Travelling Heads” study. T
2
*-weighted MRI images can be processed to produce quantitative susceptibility maps (QSM) and R
2
* maps. These reflect iron and myelin concentrations, which are altered in many pathophysiological processes. The relaxation parameters of human brain tissue are such that R
2
* mapping and QSM show particularly strong gains in contrast-to-noise ratio at ultra-high field (7T)
vs
clinical field strengths (1.5–3T). We aimed to determine the inter-subject and inter-site reproducibility of QSM and R
2
* mapping at 7T, in readiness for future multi-site clinical studies.
Methods
Ten healthy volunteers were scanned with harmonised single- and multi-echo T
2
*-weighted gradient echo pulse sequences. Participants were scanned five times at each “home” site and once at each of four other sites. The five sites had 1× Philips, 2× Siemens Magnetom, and 2× Siemens Terra scanners. QSM and R
2
* maps were computed with the Multi-Scale Dipole Inversion (MSDI) algorithm (
https://github.com/fil-physics/Publication-Code
). Results were assessed in relevant subcortical and cortical regions of interest (ROIs) defined manually or by the MNI152 standard space.
Results and Discussion
Mean susceptibility (χ) and R
2
* values agreed broadly with literature values in all ROIs. The inter-site within-subject standard deviation was 0.001–0.005 ppm (χ) and 0.0005–0.001 ms
−1
(R
2
*). For χ this is 2.1–4.8 fold better than 3T reports, and 1.1–3.4 fold better for R
2
*. The median ICC from within- and cross-site R
2
* data was 0.98 and 0.91, respectively. Multi-echo QSM had greater variability
vs
single-echo QSM especially in areas with large B
0
inhomogeneity such as the inferior frontal cortex. Across sites, R
2
* values were more consistent than QSM in subcortical structures due to differences in B
0
-shimming. On a between-subject level, our measured χ and R
2
* cross-site variance is comparable to within-site variance in the literature, suggesting that it is reasonable to pool data across sites using our harmonised protocol.
Conclusion
The harmonized UK7T protocol and pipeline delivers on average a 3-fold improvement in the coefficient of reproducibility for QSM and R
2
* at 7T compared to previous reports of multi-site reproducibility at 3T. These protocols are ready for use i...