“…ESR was measured by the Westergren method (mm/hour) and was considered high when Ͼ20 mm/hour. Mean CRP concentrations (mg/liter) and the prevalence of elevated CRP levels in each disease subset were studied and associations with clinical parameters determined, including skin score measured by the modified Rodnan skin score (MRSS), estimated systolic pulmonary artery pressure (PAP) measured by transthoracic echocardiograms, pulmonary function tests (PFTs), ILD determined by chest radiographs and high-resolution computerized tomography (HRCT) of the chest, incidence of SRC, existence of arthritis determined by either tender joint count (TJC) or swollen joint count (SJC), tendon friction rubs, Scleroderma Disease Activity Score (SDAS) adapted from the European Scleroderma Study Group (EScSG) whole series activity index (33)(34)(35)(36), Scleroderma Disease Severity Score (SDSS) adapted from Medsger et al (37), and Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ) disability index (DI).…”