European normative values for physical fitness in children and adolescents aged 9–17 years: results from 2 779 165 Eurofit performances representing 30 countries

Tomkinson, Grant R.; Carver, Kevin D; Atkinson, Frazer; Daniell, Nathan; Lewis, Lucy; Fitzgerald, John S.; Lang, Justin J.; Ortega, Francisco B.

doi:10.1136/bjsports-2017-098253

Cited by 323 publications

(474 citation statements)

References 59 publications

(23 reference statements)

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“…In the anthropometric, physical and motoric values obtained in the study, it was observed that there were differences depending on the gender variable, which is consistent with the literature data [6,25,26]. It was observed that the female students in Kosovo were taller and heavier than their male peers until the age of 13, which is the case in their peers in other countries as well.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

“…The balance scores obtained in the study were compared with the norm values reported by Tomkinson et al after 123655 measurements in 19 countries. It was observed that the normal values of the male and female students in Kosovo were worse balance ability scores according to the values in the 50 percentile reported in the study conducted by Tomkinson except for 13 and 14 years of age [6]. Again, the balance scores were compared with the balance scores obtained by Jürimäe & Volbekiene (1998) in Estonia in students from similar age groups.…”

Section: Pedagogics Psychologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[3,4]. Especially by determining the norms of the physical and motoric properties of children at development period, it becomes possible to diagnose and eliminate possible problems at earlier ages [5,6]. On the other hand, it is also important to define the norm values in the selection of the aptitudes [7]; planning of physical education and sports classes [8][9][10]; and in performing international comparative studies [11].…”

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confidence: 99%

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Normative values for physical fitness in children aged 11-17 in Kosovo

Berisha

Çilli

2018

PPS

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Purpose:In the present study, the purpose was to determine the normative values for physical and biomotoric characteristics of children aged 11-17 in Kosovo. Material:742 students who were selected according to the Random Sampling Method from 24 schools determined in the cities and rural areas in all regions were included in the study (n = 347 girls, n = 395 -boys). Volunteering students who did not have any acute or chronic disease that might avoid testing were included in the study after the permissions were received from the Ministry of National Education, Principals of the Schools, and the support of the parents. The declarations of Helsinki were taken into consideration in the study. Results:The results of each test were given as the norm values according to gender and age together with 20% groups, which is considered as the Canadian Standard. The data on the physical and biomotoric characteristics of the children living in Kosovo were compared with the data of the World Health Organization and the literature data of other countries. Conclusions:While the children living in Kosovo showed higher performances in the tests that were affected by anthropometric properties like height and body fat percentage and by genetic properties like the speed of the movements of the arms when compared with the children from other countries from the same age group; they had lower performances in the tests that were affected by life style and physical activity levels like endurance, long jump, and flexibility.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Section: Pedagogics Psychologymentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Normative values for physical fitness in children aged 11-17 in Kosovo

Berisha

Çilli

2018

PPS

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“…Successful examples are the Assessing Levels of Physical Activity study (ALPHA study) [8], which aimed to identify reliable fitness tests for children and adolescents; the AVENA study, which aimed to evaluate cardiovascular fitness in youth around Europe [9]; the Healthy Lifestyle in Europe by Nutrition in Adolescence study (the HELENA study) [10], which evaluated physical fitness over 10 European nations; FitnessGram [11], whose purpose was to increase the levels of physical activity in children in the United States; and EUROFIT [12], a program in Europe. All these attempts firstly detected the reliability of the fitness tests for specific populations and secondly provided age-related fitness percentile values [13,14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These tests were the standing broad jump for the evaluation of lower limb strength, the hand-grip test for the evaluation of the strength of the upper limbs, the sit-up to exhaustion for the evaluation of abdominal muscular endurance, the 4 × 10-m shuttle run for the evaluation of agility, and the 20-m shuttle run test for the evaluation of aerobic capacity. Notwithstanding that such a fitness battery was used in adolescents, other studies such as AVENA, FitnessGram, or EUROFIT, have used similar fitness batteries to evaluate physical fitness levels in children [11,12,16,17]. Another similar battery is that proposed by the PREFIT study used in Spanish schoolchildren [18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical Fitness Evaluation of School Children in Southern Italy: A Cross Sectional Evaluation

Thomas

Palma

2018

JFMK

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Abstract:The aim of this work was to evaluate the fitness levels of different physical components in schoolchildren in southern Italy and identify age-related effects of physical performance. One hundred and fifty-four schoolchildren with ages ranging between 6 and 10 years (age 8.1 ± 1.45 years; 33.70 ± 10.25 kg; 131.50 ± 13.60 cm) were recruited for the investigation. Each scholar underwent a fitness-test battery composed of five elements. A Hand-Grip Strength Test to assess the strength of the hand muscles, a Standing Broad Jump Test to assess lower body explosive strength, a Sit-Up Test to exhaustion to evaluate abdominal muscular endurance, a 4 × 10-m Shuttle Run Test to assess agility, and a 20-m sprint test to assess speed. Cross-sectional analysis revealed that boys perform better than girls and that age affects performance. Lower limb measures show a significant increase after 8 years of age, whereas upper limb measures show a significant increase at 7 and 10 years of age. No age-related differences were found in muscular endurance measures. It is possible to consider age-related performance measures to program exercise interventions that follow the growth characteristics of schoolchildren.

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The adolescent athlete's heart; A miniature adult or grown‐up child?

Pieles

Stuart

2020

Clinical Cardiology

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The systematic development of early age talent in sports academies has led to the professionalization of pediatric sport and the sports physician need to be aware of pediatric cardiological problems. Research into the medical cardiac care and assessment of the pediatric athlete are accumulating, but specific pediatric international guidelines are not available yet and reference data for ECG and echocardiography are incomplete, in particular for the age group <12 years of age. This article is an introduction to the physiological and diagnostics specifics of the pediatric athlete. The focus lies in the differences in presentation and diagnosis between pediatric and adult athletes for the most common pathologies. Reference data for electrical and structural adaptations to intensive exercise are sparse particularly in athletes aged below 12 years old. Training related changes include decrease of resting heart rate, increase of cardiac output, ventricular cavity size, and wall thickness. Cardiac hypertrophy is less pronounced in pediatric athletes, as HR mediated cardiac output increase to endurance exercise is the dominant mechanism in peripubertal children. As in adults, the most pronounced cardiovascular adaptations appear in classical endurance sports like rowing, triathlon, and swimming, but the specifics of pediatric ECG and echocardiographic changes need to be considered.

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European normative values for physical fitness in children and adolescents aged 9–17 years: results from 2 779 165 Eurofit performances representing 30 countries

Abstract: This study provides the largest and most geographically representative sex-specific and age-specific European normative values for children and adolescents, which have utility for health and fitness screening, profiling, monitoring and surveillance.

Cited by 323 publications

References 59 publications

Normative values for physical fitness in children aged 11-17 in Kosovo

Normative values for physical fitness in children aged 11-17 in Kosovo

Physical Fitness Evaluation of School Children in Southern Italy: A Cross Sectional Evaluation

The adolescent athlete's heart; A miniature adult or grown‐up child?

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