European Migration to the United States: An Econometric Analysis of Aggregate Labor Supply and Demand

Wilkinson, Maurice

doi:10.2307/1926295

Cited by 36 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Much of this evidence concerns contemporary immigration to the United States and argues that previous migrations have strong influences on later moves. A subset of such studies includes Hatton and Williamson (1998), Hatton (1995), Dunlevy (1991), Dunlevy and Gemery (1977), Jasso and Rosenzweig (1986), Massey and España (1987), Levy and Wadycki (1973), and Wilkinson (1970). These scholars claim that the probability of migrating increased if the person had relatives at the destination.…”

Section: Quantification Of the Friends And Family Effectmentioning

confidence: 99%

Network strategies of nineteenth century Hesse-Cassel emigrants

Wegge

2008

The History of the Family

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Between 1820 and 1930 over 5 million Germans emigrated to overseas destinations, most to the U.S. By the 1850s the number of German migrants living in the U.S. was large, a consequence partly of cumulative causation. I provide evidence for the dramatic increase in networks by using micro-level data for the German principality of Hesse-Cassel in the mid-nineteenth century. A conservative measurement of network relationships finds that after 25 years almost half of them were related to a previous family member from the same village. Migrants who used family networks tended to move in small units. Usually only a few years separated networked family members, but some links lasted over a decade. Women were unlikely to start a network but more likely than men to travel to the U.S. Within some families, migrants switched from continental destinations to the U.S., perhaps due to the failure of the 1848 March Revolution.

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Section: Quantification Of the Friends And Family Effectmentioning

confidence: 99%

Network strategies of nineteenth century Hesse-Cassel emigrants

Wegge

2008

The History of the Family

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“…Wilkinson 1970;Clark, Hatton, and Williamson 2007;Mayda 2010;Ortega and Peri 2013). When between-group variance in incomes is largely or completely controlled away-that is, when the effects of very long-term changes in income are controlled away-the income-migration relationship is more sensitive to annual fluctuations.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Does Development Reduce Migration?

Clemens

2014

SSRN Journal

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Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen:Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden.Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen.Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der dort genannten Lizenz gewährten Nutzungsrechte. www.econstor.eu The most basic economic theory suggests that rising incomes in developing countries will deter emigration from those countries, an idea that captivates policymakers in international aid and trade diplomacy. A lengthy literature and recent data suggest something quite different: that over the course of a "mobility transition", emigration generally rises with economic development until countries reach upper-middle income, and only thereafter falls. This note quantifies the shape of the mobility transition in every decade since 1960. It then briefly surveys 45 years of research, which has yielded six classes of theory to explain the mobility transition and numerous tests of its existence and characteristics in both macro-and micro-level data. The note concludes by suggesting five questions that require further study. Terms of use: Documents in D I S C U S S I O N P A P E R S E R I E S NON-TECHNICAL SUMMARYMany aid packages and trade deals for poor countries seek to reduce migration pressure from those countries. But the latest data and a half-century of research suggest that as typical poor countries grow, emigration pressure actually rises. Migration pressure only typically falls when they grow past upper-middle-income status. In poor countries, more development means more migration, not less. Policies to foster development may thus be most effective when paired with policies to accommodate mobility. This note reviews what economists know and what they do not know about the effect of development on international migration. I begin by summarizing the conventional wisdom, in the policy worlds of aid and trade diplomacy, that economic development swiftly creates conditions that deter emigration. I then summarize the basic facts about the observed association between economic development and emigration, in the best and most recent data we have. These show a clear and pronounced inverted-U relationship,

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“…Explained at length in O' Rourke and Williamson's (1999) analysis of the Atlantic economy during the nineteenth century, migration from a particular origin to a particular destination country is not selfperpetuating. In fact, it appears that migration has a life cycle with a rise, peak and decline (Wilkinson 1970;Hatton and Williamson 1992). These cycles can be of several decades or contracted to a smaller number of years.…”

Section: Understanding Immigrant Diversitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These cycles can be of several decades or contracted to a smaller number of years. A number of factors lead to these migration cycles, including changing economic gaps between origins and destinations (Wilkinson 1970), Kuzenet cycles of economic recession, investment and economic growth (O'Rourke and Williamson 1999), decreasing fertility in the origin country (Passel, Cohn, and Gonzlaez-Barrera 2012), changing political situations (Zolberg 1999) and a threshold effect whereby a maximum of would-be migrants leave communities (Massey 1990). …”

Section: Understanding Immigrant Diversitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantifying immigrant diversity in Europe

Connor¹

2013

Ethnic and Racial Studies

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European Migration to the United States: An Econometric Analysis of Aggregate Labor Supply and Demand

Cited by 36 publications

References 15 publications

Network strategies of nineteenth century Hesse-Cassel emigrants

Network strategies of nineteenth century Hesse-Cassel emigrants

Does Development Reduce Migration?

Quantifying immigrant diversity in Europe

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