European ionospheric forecast and mapping

Hybrid model for nowcasting and forecasting the K index

“…Usually the prediction model is a part of the forecasting software, which has additionally: data collection part, I/O modules, data adjustment (correction) part, etc. In some forecasting software, as those developed in the framework of EU COST 251 and 247 actions (see for example, Kutiev et al, 1999;Muhtarov et al, 2001), data adjustment is a part separated from the models. The data adjustment technique is important for forecasting, because it keeps model prediction close to the current data.…”

Modeling the storm-time deviations of foF2 on a global scale

“…Fuller-Rowell et al (1998) further developed their empirical model by introducing nonlinear dependence of the integral of auroral power on storm-time changes of f o F2. Muhtarov et al (2001b) have developed a regional (over Europe) model presenting the storm time changes of f o F2 as a plane surface and expressing its mean value at the center of the plane and meridional gradient as functions of the K p index. Muhtarov and Kutiev (1998) and Kutiev and Muhtarov (2001) have developed a model of the storm time changes of f o F2 over all longitudes of northern midlatitudes, assuming that these changes depend on local time and K p only.…”

Empirical modeling of global ionospheric foF2 response to geomagnetic activity

“… Fuller‐Rowell et al [1998] further developed their empirical model by introducing non linear dependence of the integral of auroral power on storm‐time changes of f o F 2 . Muhtarov et al [2001b] have developed a regional (over Europe) model presenting the storm time changes of f o F 2 as a plane surface and expressing its mean value at the center of the plane and meridional gradient as functions of the Kp index. Muhtarov and Kutiev [1998] and Kutiev and Muhtarov [2001] have developed a model of the storm time changes of f o F 2 over all longitudes of northern midlatitudes, assuming that these changes depend on local time and Kp only.…”

“…The storm time changes of f o F 2 in those papers, as well as in the present paper are expressed by the relative deviations of f o F 2 from its median, denoted as Φ = ( f o F 2 − f o F 2med )/ f o F 2med . The delayed reaction of Φ in respect to Kp was statistically studied by Muhtarov et al [2001b]. They modeled the cross correlation between Φ and Kp and expressed the delay in terms of the time constant of their cross‐correlation function.…”