European guideline for the management of scabies, 2010

Scott, G R; Chosidow, Olivier

doi:10.1258/ijsa.2011.011112

Cited by 35 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 27 publications

(19 reference statements)

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“…The optimal treatment for crusted scabies has not been subjected to a comparative trial and is generally based on expert opinion [10], [11]. However observational data suggest that the use of multiple doses of oral ivermectin as therapy for crusted scabies can lead to a significant decline in mortality [9], [12], [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Novel Clinical Grading Scale to Guide the Management of Crusted Scabies

et al. 2013

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BackgroundCrusted scabies, or hyperinfestation with Sarcoptes scabiei, occurs in people with an inadequate immune response to the mite. In recent decades, data have emerged suggesting that treatment of crusted scabies with oral ivermectin combined with topical agents leads to lower mortality, but there are no generally accepted tools for describing disease severity. Here, we describe a clinical grading scale for crusted scabies and its utility in real world practice.Methodology/Principal FindingsIn 2002, Royal Darwin Hospital (RDH), a hospital in tropical Australia developed and began using a clinical grading scale to guide the treatment of crusted scabies. We conducted a retrospective observational study including all episodes of admission to RDH for crusted scabies during the period October 2002–December 2010 inclusive. Patients who were managed according to the grading scale were compared with those in whom the scale was not used at the time of admission but was calculated retrospectively. There were 49 admissions in 30 patients during the study period, of which 49 (100%) were in Indigenous Australians, 29 (59%) were male and the median age was 44.1 years. According to the grading scale, 8 (16%) episodes were mild, 24 (49%) were moderate, and 17 (35%) were severe. Readmission within the study period was significantly more likely with increasing disease severity, with an odds ratio (95% CI) of 12.8 (1.3–130) for severe disease compared with mild. The patients managed according to the grading scale (29 episodes) did not differ from those who were not (20 episodes), but they received fewer doses of ivermectin and had a shorter length of stay (11 vs. 16 days, p = 0.02). Despite this the outcomes were no different, with no deaths in either group and a similar readmission rate.Conclusions/SignificanceOur grading scale is a useful tool for the assessment and management of crusted scabies.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Novel Clinical Grading Scale to Guide the Management of Crusted Scabies

et al. 2013

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“…In addition to the acaricide therapy, local emollients and systemic antihistamines may be used to relieve the itching. Infective complications are treated accordingly (7,15,16).…”

Section: Clinical Aspectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occupational risk of scabies among healthcare workers: problem focus and personal experience

Stefano¹

2016

PER

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Introduction: scabies is a contagious parasitic disease which can cause hospital outbreaks, with possible involvement of sanitary staff, and considerable economic and managerial implications. The Policlinico San Matteo of Pavia adopts (since 2005) a protocol for the management of index cases, based on early patient isolation, identification of close contacts, and their prophylactic treatment. We report here descriptive data on reported cases of scabies and on the effectiveness of the protocol. Materials and Methods: retrospective study (2005-2014) of the index cases. For each case, clinical data were collected, as well as information on the healthcare workers who had dealt with the patient within the 6 weeks (maximum scabies incubation period) preceding the diagnosis. Results: 30 index cases were identified: 11 females and 19 males; mean age 60 years; range: 2 months -92 years. 9 patients had been transferred from other health facilities. 11 were immunosuppressed: of these, 3 were suffering from Norwegian scabies (a highly contagious variant). Close contacts included 894 health professionals, mainly nurses, physicians and students; of these, 158 had provided care to patients with Norwegian scabies: 15 (1.7% of the entire sample) were infected. This percentage is below the rates of infection (sometimes > 30%) reported in other case series. Discussion: scabies is a major occupational hazard in hospitals, especially for nursing staff, including students in training. Immunocompromised patients are particularly dangerous, since they are more prone to developing Norwegian scabies. The operative protocol adopted by the Policlinico San Matteo is effective for risk containment.

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“…By this time, alternative treatments had been found, such as permethrin, a synthetic pyrethroid, and also benzyl benzoate, an organic ester which is toxic to the nervous system of arthropods [12]. Benzyl benzoate is still used to treat scabies in some countries because of its low cost; however, there are some side effects such as skin irritation[3] so permethrin is preferred as it is safer, and also more effective [13]. Permethrin was very successful at treating scabies infection for many years,[12] until fears of resistance to this drug surfaced in the early 2000s [14,15].…”

Section: Common Ectoparasites Of Humansmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ectoparasites of medical and veterinary importance: drug resistance and the need for alternative control methods

McNair

2015

Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology

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Objectives Despite multiple attempts at eradication, many ectoparasites of humans and domestic livestock remain a persistent problem in the modern world. For many years, a range of pesticide drugs including organophosphates, organochlorides and synthetic pyrethroids provided effective control of these parasites; but intensive use of these drugs has led to the evolution of resistance in many target species. This paper aims to review the effectiveness of current control methods and discuss potential alternatives for the long term sustainable control of ectoparasites. Key Findings Important medical ectoparasites such as scabies mites, head lice and bed bugs present a significant public health problem, and so adequate control methods are essential. Ectoparasites of domestic livestock and farmed fish (for example sheep scab mites, poultry mites and sea lice) are also of concern given the increasing strain on the world's food supply. These parasites have become resistant to several classes of pesticide, making control very difficult. Recently, an increasing amount of research has focussed on alternative control methods such as insect growth regulators, biological control using essential oils or fungi, as well as vaccine development against some ectoparasites of medical and veterinary importance. Summary Drug resistance is prevalent in all of the ectoparasites discussed in this review. A wide variety of alternative control methods have been identified, however further research is necessary in order for these to be used to successfully control ectoparasitic diseases in the future.

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European guideline for the management of scabies, 2010

Cited by 35 publications

References 27 publications

A Novel Clinical Grading Scale to Guide the Management of Crusted Scabies

A Novel Clinical Grading Scale to Guide the Management of Crusted Scabies

Occupational risk of scabies among healthcare workers: problem focus and personal experience

Ectoparasites of medical and veterinary importance: drug resistance and the need for alternative control methods

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