European Environmental Law

Abstract

This contribution illustrates the development of the environmental law of the EU from an international environmental law perspective. It highlights the external and internal dimensions of EU environmental law and their interaction. It also outlines the role of the EU institutions in the development and implementation of EU environmental law, as well as the objectives and principles of the EU environmental law, focusing specifically on environmental integration and sustainable development. It concludes by pointing to some of the present challenges facing EU environmental law.

Handbook of Regional Cooperation and Integration

“…The CJEU was created to enforce EU law and has progressively broadened its area of competence along with the enlargement of competences of the EU. Case law of the CJEU in environmental matters has evolved in line with the progressive development of EU environmental law (Morgera et al, 2020). The European Community adopted the first non-binding Environmental Action Plan (EAP) in 1973 (Connaughton, 2014).…”

Artificial Intelligence in Plant and Agricultural Research

“…are not yet subject to ABS requirements, attempts to determine future policy directions on this subject are underway [27], as are attempts to improve linkage and identification of datasets derived from ABS-regulated materials through the Global Information System (GLIS) of the ITPGRFA [28]. The potential for increased regulation of plant data may hold large implications for ML applications, where datasets can play a very important role in training, for example, even in the absence of material samples on which to perform experiments or validate outputs.…”

The Relevance of the Human Right to Science for the Conservation and Sustainable Use of Marine Biodiversity of Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction: A New Legally Binding Instrument to Support Co-Production of Ocean Knowledge across Scales

“…158 Among the possible conditions, one was identified as an upfront monetary contribution by upstream researchers into a global benefit-sharing fund as a mandatory advance payment, or as a voluntary payment to ensure exclusive access to certain marine genetic resources. 159 Another (additional or alternative) option was for upstream researchers (collections and academic research institutions 160 ) to ensure facilitated access to MGR samples and research findings, on the basis of existing LOSC obligations on marine scientific research. The sharing of pre-cruise information, samples and the publication of cruise reports, have the potential to minimize the need for re-sampling, 161 thereby contributing to preventing environmental harm, while expediting access to MGRs and generally supporting MSR cooperation "through transparency and coordination at regional and global scales."…”

“…This would require engaging directly with developed States in their capacity as ocean research funders and discussing funding priorities and coordinated approaches, with a view to increasing the "rigor, efficiency and effectiveness in a number of aspects of marine scientific research including on MGRs of ABNJ," 168 with a view to supporting long-term capacity-building and technology transfer and skills development (particularly for early-career researchers) across disciplines through knowledge co-production, including to contribute to EIAs. 169 Funders should also reflect on supporting new collaborative approaches and learning across scales, 170 as a way to support ocean knowledge co-production and transformative governance.…”

“…This would be based on shared understanding of changing scientific practices, and foster understanding of the different economics underpinning particular sectors and their contributions to BBNJ conservation and sustainable use. 193 The proposed clearinghouse could also be created in more ambitious terms under the ILBI: not just as an online repository of information, but as an interactive platform to support concerted and iterative dialogue to map and match to the priorities of beneficiaries in effectively making use of, and contributing to the production of, ocean science for the conservation and sustainable use of BBNJ.…”